Mapping and modeling of a strain-specific epitope in the Norwalk virus capsid inner shell

Parra, Gabriel I.; Sosnovtsev, Stanislav V.; Abente, Eugenio J.; Sandoval-Jaime, Carlos; Bok, Karin; Dolan, Michael; Green, Kim Y.

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2016.02.019

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A total of 23 recombinant scFvs have been produced for HuNoV (Tables S1–S3). Due to their smaller size, HuNoV epitope mapping with scFvs and VHHs has led to the characterization of several conserved regions buried within VLPs, which conventional mAbs have typically failed to recognize [129,130,132]. These mAbs have elucidated novel ways in which humoral immunity might be harnessed to neutralize infection and have therapeutic potential due to their versatility in genetic engineering and delivery to the site of infection.…”

Section: Isolation and Characterization Of Norovirus Monoclonal Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Antigenic Topology of Norovirus as Defined by B and T Cell Epitope Mapping: Implications for Universal Vaccines and Therapeutics

Sels

Green

2019

Viruses

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Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Vaccine design has been confounded by the antigenic diversity of these viruses and a limited understanding of protective immunity. We reviewed 77 articles published since 1988 describing the isolation, function, and mapping of 307 unique monoclonal antibodies directed against B cell epitopes of human and murine noroviruses representing diverse Genogroups (G). Of these antibodies, 91, 153, 21, and 42 were reported as GI-specific, GII-specific, MNV GV-specific, and G cross-reactive, respectively. Our goal was to reconstruct the antigenic topology of noroviruses in relationship to mapped epitopes with potential for therapeutic use or inclusion in universal vaccines. Furthermore, we reviewed seven published studies of norovirus T cell epitopes that identified 18 unique peptide sequences with CD4- or CD8-stimulating activity. Both the protruding (P) and shell (S) domains of the major capsid protein VP1 contained B and T cell epitopes, with the majority of neutralizing and HBGA-blocking B cell epitopes mapping in or proximal to the surface-exposed P2 region of the P domain. The majority of broadly reactive B and T cell epitopes mapped to the S and P1 arm of the P domain. Taken together, this atlas of mapped B and T cell epitopes offers insight into the promises and challenges of designing universal vaccines and immunotherapy for the noroviruses.

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Section: Isolation and Characterization Of Norovirus Monoclonal Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though less conserved than S domain sequences, residues that make up the P1 domain are more readily accessible due to capsid flexibility [98]. Cross-reactive mAbs that map to linear epitopes have proven useful in diagnostic assays, but their protective capacity appears limited [132,133,134].…”

Section: Isolation and Characterization Of Norovirus Monoclonal Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antigenic Topology of Norovirus as Defined by B and T Cell Epitope Mapping: Implications for Universal Vaccines and Therapeutics

Sels

Green

2019

Viruses

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“…To identify how BtCalV/A10 and BtNoV are related to known Caliciviridae capsid sequences, we analyzed the amino acid sequences of the conserved shell (S) domain of the capsid protein due to the extensive variability within the protruding domain of the VP1 capsid protein ( 57 , 58 ). We generated S domain phylogenetic trees and cladograms from 51 known calicivirus S domain sequences ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bat Caliciviruses and Human Noroviruses Are Antigenically Similar and Have Overlapping Histo-Blood Group Antigen Binding Profiles

Kocher

Lindesmith

Debbink

et al. 2018

mBio

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Emerging zoonotic viral diseases remain a challenge to global public health. Recent surveillance studies have implicated bats as potential reservoirs for a number of viral pathogens, including coronaviruses and Ebola viruses. Caliciviridae represent a major viral family contributing to emerging diseases in both human and animal populations and have been recently identified in bats. In this study, we blended metagenomics, phylogenetics, homology modeling, and in vitro assays to characterize two novel bat calicivirus (BtCalV) capsid sequences, corresponding to strain BtCalV/A10/USA/2009, identified in Perimyotis subflavus near Little Orleans, MD, and bat norovirus. We observed that bat norovirus formed virus-like particles and had epitopes and receptor-binding patterns similar to those of human noroviruses. To determine whether these observations stretch across multiple bat caliciviruses, we characterized a novel bat calicivirus, BtCalV/A10/USA/2009. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BtCalV/A10/USA/2009 likely represents a novel Caliciviridae genus and is most closely related to "recoviruses." Homology modeling revealed that the capsid sequences of BtCalV/A10/USA/2009 and bat norovirus resembled human norovirus capsid sequences and retained host ligand binding within the receptor-binding domains similar to that seen with human noroviruses. Both caliciviruses bound histo-blood group antigens in patterns that overlapped those seen with human and animal noroviruses. Taken together, our results indicate the potential for bat caliciviruses to bind histo-blood group antigens and overcome a significant barrier to cross-species transmission. Additionally, we have shown that bat norovirus maintains antigenic epitopes similar to those seen with human noroviruses, providing further evidence of evolutionary descent. Our results reiterate the importance of surveillance of wild-animal populations, especially of bats, for novel viral pathogens.

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“…Previous studies have shown that the S domain is a conserved region within VP1 and have described the icosahedral scaffold of VP1, and a recent study reported that the S domain of a NoV strain contains strain-specific epitopes that contribute to antigenic diversity [28]. This region in strain CH-HNSC-2018 included a 134A unique aa mutation compared with the other NoV strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of the first GIII.2 bovine norovirus in China

Shi

Wang

et al. 2019

BMC Vet Res

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Background Norovirus (NoV) is recognized as a highly contagious enteric pathogen of mammals, and bovine norovirus (BNoV) is associated with calf diarrhoea and has caused great economic losses in the cattle industry. Results Here, we describe a case of emerging calf diarrhoea on a cattle farm in Henan Province, Central China. BNoV was the only enteric pathogen detected in outbreaks according to tests for enteric viruses, bacteria and parasites. The complete genome of the newly identified strain CH-HNSC-2018 was successfully sequenced and found to be 7342 nucleotides in length. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that CH-HNSC-2018 belongs to GIII.2 BNoV. Further analysis of the major capsid protein demonstrated that it is separated by specific genetic distances from previous BNoV strains identified in China and has 4 new amino acid (aa) mutations, 134A, 327 T, 380 L and 423A, in the VP1 protein and 11 aa substitutions in the hypervariable P2 subdomain, suggesting that the BNoV strains circulating in China are diverse. Conclusions This is the first detection of GIII.2 BNoV in the VP1 region in China. This report should form a basis for further molecular studies on NoV and bovine enteric viruses in China. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-2060-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Mapping and modeling of a strain-specific epitope in the Norwalk virus capsid inner shell

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

The Antigenic Topology of Norovirus as Defined by B and T Cell Epitope Mapping: Implications for Universal Vaccines and Therapeutics

The Antigenic Topology of Norovirus as Defined by B and T Cell Epitope Mapping: Implications for Universal Vaccines and Therapeutics

Bat Caliciviruses and Human Noroviruses Are Antigenically Similar and Have Overlapping Histo-Blood Group Antigen Binding Profiles

Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of the first GIII.2 bovine norovirus in China

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