Performance and Metabolism of Calves Fed Starter Feed Containing Sugarcane Molasses or Glucose Syrup as a Replacement for Corn

Oltramari, Carlos Eduardo; Nápoles, G. G. O.; Paula, Marília Ribeiro de; Silva, J. T.; Gallo, M. P. C.; Pasetti, M. H. O.; Bittar, Carla Maris Machado

doi:10.5713/ajas.15.0550

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The similarity in DM intake with the increasing inclusion of SBM can be due to meeting the requirements of the animals since the diets were similar in terms of metabolizable energy and NDF content that could interfere with consumption. This result corroborates with Oltramari et al (2016) , who evaluated the supplementation of calves with the inclusion of up to 10% sugarcane molasses in the DM and observed no significant difference in the DMI. Fimbres-Durazo et al (2013) also found no differences for DMI, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of lambs fed increasing levels of blackstrap molasses, showing very close results for weight gain using the same animal category, with similar initial weight, age and high concentrate proportion, as in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Soybean molasses to replace corn for feedlot lambs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality

Arruda

Almeida

Bertoco

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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Soybean molasses (SBM) is a byproduct of the manufacture of soy protein concentrate and has high energy value. This byproduct has a high potential for use in the nutrition of ruminant animals, mainly in the replacement of other energy feeds such as corn grain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of SBM to replace corn grain up to 30% dry matter (DM) in the total diet on growth performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of feedlot lambs (½ Santa Inês × ½ Dorper). Forty intact male lambs with an initial average body weight of 20.6 ± 2.5 kg and approximate age of 120 d were used. The animals were distributed in four treatments (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% SBM), divided into five randomized blocks according to the initial weight and adapted for 16 d, with diets containing increasing concentrations of concentrate and SBM. Feeding behavior was analyzed at the beginning, middle, and final of the finishing period, and when animals reached 42 d on the finishing diet they were slaughtered. Data were evaluated using SAS software (version 9.4), by polynomial orthogonal contrasts, where the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality values were analyzed as randomized blocks, and the feeding behavior data as randomized blocks with a repeated measure over time. Significant differences were detected for the contrast 0 vs. SBM treatments, which the inclusion of SBM caused an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in ash intake but decreased the ether extract intake. The intake of DM in % body weight was higher for SBM treatments than 0% treatment (P ≤ 0.05). Feeding behavior, ruminating while lying down and drinking water presented a decreasing linear effect (P ≤ 0.05), and for feeding, efficiency increased with the addition of SBM (P ≤ 0.05). Fatty acids C14:0, C17:0, C17:1, C18:2n6c, C20:2, and C20:3n6 showed lower values with the inclusion of SBM (P ≤ 0.05), while fatty acids C22:0 and C22:6n3 increased. The values of n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6/n-3 ratio were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for SBM treatments. The values of total polyunsaturated fatty acids showed a decreasing linear effect (P ≤ 0.05) with the inclusion of SBM. The use of up to 30% SBM in DM did not impair animal growth performance and feeding behavior did not cause damages to carcass parameters and still made the meat healthier, improving the n-6/n-3 ratio, therefore can be used to feed finishing lambs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Soybean molasses to replace corn for feedlot lambs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality

Arruda

Almeida

Bertoco

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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“…However, Saegusa et al (2017) fed texturized CS containing 0, 5, or 10% lactose and reported no effect on ruminal butyrate concentrations, though increasing lactose increased molar proportion of acetate and minimum ruminal pH. Others have reported that replacing starch with sugars (e.g., molasses or glucose) increased growth (Atai and Harshbarger, 1965), increased plasma BHB , or altered rumen fermentation (Oltramari et al, 2016). Differences in metabolism of carbohydrates categorized as NFC (NRC, 2001) and their effects on changing rates and extent of gastrointestinal development suggest that further refinement of equations to predict energy in dry feeds for calves is required.…”

Section: Effect Of Carbohydrate Source On Ttdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symposium review: Re-evaluation of National Research Council energy estimates in calf starters

Quigley

2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Provision of nutrients in appropriate amounts to meet nutrient requirements for growth, production, and reproduction is the basis for modern animal nutrition. Ration formulation systems predict nutrient requirements based on numerous inputs and then predict nutrient supply based on predicted intake and nutrient content of feeds. Energy systems are used to predict energy supply based on gross caloric content of feeds followed by adjustments for digestion and metabolism of ingested energy. Many models of energy supply use static coefficients of digestibility based on nutrient composition of feed. Other models partition digestion dynamically between ruminal and postruminal digestion but use static estimates of intestinal digestibility to predict energy supplied to the animal. In young calves, both ruminal fermentation and intestinal digestion are underdeveloped; therefore, existing models of energy supply might overestimate the energy available before complete gastrointestinal maturation. In a series of experiments, we reported that total-tract digestion of nutrients changes with advancing age and nutrient intake. Total-tract digestion was measured in calves from 3 to 16 wk of age when fed different amounts and types of milk replacers. Calves were also fed different types of calf starter for ad libitum consumption. Total-tract digestibility of protein, fat, neutral detergent fiber, and nonfiber carbohydrate (NFC) was used to calculate the metabolizable energy (ME) in starter. We used nonlinear regression to estimate the contribution of protein and fat from starter and milk replacer before weaning. Early in life, calculated ME of starter was low and increased with increasing intake of NFC. Cumulative intake of NFC was more highly correlated with changing ME values than other indices, including age, intake of milk replacer, or intake of other nutrients in starter. When calves consumed at least of 15 kg of NFC, ME calculated from digestibility measurements was similar to the ME calculated using National Research Council equations and indicated maturation of gastrointestinal digestion. Our data suggest that intake of NFC is critical to gastrointestinal maturation and the calf's ability to extract energy from calf starter.

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“…Both starter intakes and BW gains were reduced when either 7% (Lesmeister and Heinrichs, 2005) or 5% (Hill et al, 2008a) molasses was added to a basal diet that contained 5% molasses. Finally, Oltramari et al (2016) reported no differences among starter feeds containing 0, 5, or 10% molasses on starter intake or weight gain in nursing calves. Collectively, these data suggested no benefit with increasing molasses levels beyond 5% of DM and supported the questioning of the utility of molasses inclusion in calf starters (Hill et al, 2008a) beyond perhaps some minimal amount to help control dustiness or fines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Cereal grains are incorporated in a coarse form in an effort to provide adequate abrasiveness (Greenwood et al, 1997) important for maintaining gut health by reducing abnormalities such as plaque formation, acidosis and parakeratosis (Khan et al, 2016). Liquid molasses is included in texturised feeds to reduce particulate fines and reputedly enhance palatability (Hill et al, 2008a) and also for its potential to stimulate ruminal development by increasing ruminal butyrate (Martel et al, 2011;Oltramari et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substitution of non-forage fibre sources for cereal grains and molasses in calf starter on performance and development of ruminal function

Vagnoni

Sousa

Messman

2021

JAAN

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One hundred and thirty-six, new-born female Holstein calves (body weight (BW) = 37.6±0.79 kg) were allocated to one of four starter feeds to evaluate the effects of replacing cereal grains and (or) molasses with non-forage fibre sources on intake, weight gain, and indicators of ruminal development. Diets consisted of a typical, low (16%) neutral detergent fibre (NDF) texturised calf starter, texturised calf starter with moderately higher (20%) NDF, texturised calf starter with moderately higher (21%) NDF and no molasses, and a complete pelleted high (25%) NDF calf starter. Average daily gains and starter intakes were unaffected by moderate levels of NDF. Average daily gain and feed intakes were increased in the preweaning phase but decreased in the postweaning phase by the high NDF complete pelleted diet. Total tract apparent NDF digestibility increased linearly with age but did not differ among diets. Blood concentrations of glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) decreased and increased, respectively, with age. Further, blood BHB concentrations were largely unaffected by diet and did not change with increasing dry matter (DM) intake until a threshold was reached, and then increased linearly. Calf-side blood BHB testing resulted in an appreciable number of measurements below the limit of detection of the meter, resulting in censored data. Application of appropriate statistical methodology, required for proper parameter estimation from censored data, suggest the potential for successful field application of calf-side BHB measurements for monitoring starter intake and readiness for weaning in commercial settings. Feeding solely a complete pelleted calf starter throughout the starter phase may provide insufficient levels of effective fibre. Integration of the results of this study with previously published literature via a quantitative analysis suggests that maintaining intake may be the key to successful inclusion of non-forage fibre sources in calf starters.

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Performance and Metabolism of Calves Fed Starter Feed Containing Sugarcane Molasses or Glucose Syrup as a Replacement for Corn

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Soybean molasses to replace corn for feedlot lambs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality

Soybean molasses to replace corn for feedlot lambs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality

Symposium review: Re-evaluation of National Research Council energy estimates in calf starters

Substitution of non-forage fibre sources for cereal grains and molasses in calf starter on performance and development of ruminal function

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