Failure to Return for Posttest Counseling and HIV Test Results at the Prevention and Voluntary Testing and Counseling Centers of Douala, Cameroon: An Evaluation of a Routine Five-Year Program

Ngangue, Patrice; Bédard, Emmanuelle; Ngueta, Gérard; Adiogo, Dieudonné; Gagnon, Marie‐Pierre

doi:10.1155/2016/9720148

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…In centers where individuals request an HIV test on their own initiative, the percentage of individuals not collecting the result is lower than in our study, ranging from 6% – 27% in developed countries (8, 14 – 16) to 14% – 30% in developing countries (7, 13, 17). However, in studies conducted in clinical settings, where the test was offered by a clinician, the percentage of people not collecting can reach 50% or more (11, 12, 18).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…Despite these benefits, 6.5% – 54.0% of individuals who undergo an HIV diagnostic test will not collect their results (7, 8, 11 – 13, 15 – 18). Several sociodemographic, behavioral, and structural factors affect result collection (7, 15 – 17, 19). Women are significantly more likely to return for results than men (17, 19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women are significantly more likely to return for results than men (17, 19). Sexual orientation (19), age, employment, reason for testing, and the level of perceived risk (7) have also been associated with returning to collect results or not.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why individuals fail to collect HIV-test results: an exploratory study at a testing and counseling center in Mexico City

Gutiérrez

Iglesias

Quezada-Juárez

et al. 2018

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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Objective To identify the characteristics of clients at an HIV clinic in Mexico City who fail to collect their HIV test results and to explore the reasons for non-collection. Methods This was an exploratory, cross-sectional study that used 2016 program data from the HIV Testing and Counseling Center in Mexico City. Clients with a negative HIV-test result in 2016 were classified as collectors or non-collectors, and their sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics were compared by multivariate logistic regression. A telephone survey was conducted with individuals who failed to return for their results. Results In 2016, a total of 729 individuals obtained an HIV negative test result at the Center. Of these, 40% ( n = 299) failed to collect results. In multivariate analysis, having a test requested by a physician, instead of by the individual, was the main variable associated with non-collection. The main reasons reported for not collecting were: unawareness of the collection process (23.6%, n = 21), already knowing the result (22.5%, n = 20), and scheduling difficulties (13.5%, n = 12). In all, 35% of clients were reached by telephone and 50% then returned to collect results. Conclusion Modifications to the result-delivery system are needed to increase results collection. Improving communication with clients on the collection process and with physicians that request HIV testing could be viable strategies. Alternative ways of delivering results and using rapid HIV are other possible solutions, as long as risk reduction counseling and intervention are still effectively offered.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

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confidence: 99%

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Why individuals fail to collect HIV-test results: an exploratory study at a testing and counseling center in Mexico City

Gutiérrez

Iglesias

Quezada-Juárez

et al. 2018

Rev Panam Salud Publica

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“…In addition, it is estimated that a significant proportion of infected women (30%) and infected men (36%) had never tested for HIV or had undergone testing but ignored the results [11]. In a recent retrospective analysis of HTC records of the six district hospitals of Douala, study (January, 1 st 2009 to December, 31 st 2013), we found an overall failure to return (FTR) rate for HIV testing and counselling of 14.3% [13]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the delivery of public HIV testing and counselling (HTC) in Douala, Cameroon: providers perspectives and implications on quality of HTC services

Ngangue

Gagnon

Bédard

2017

BMC Int Health Hum Rights

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BackgroundThe Cameroon government has made HIV testing and counselling (HTC) a priority in its HIV/AIDS strategic plan. However, there is a dearth of literature on the perspectives of providers on the quality of HTC services. The aim of this study was to explore challenges in the provision of HTC services and their implications on quality of HTC services in Douala’s district hospitals.MethodsTwo primary data collection methods supported by the Donabedian’s model of healthcare were used to explain the challenges in the provision of HTC services and their implications on quality of HTC services. This consisted of semi-structured individual interviews with 6 nurses and 16 lay counsellors and a non-participant observation of the physical environment for HTC by site. The study sites were the prevention and voluntary testing and counselling centre (PVTCC) of the six district hospitals of the city of Douala.ResultsThe study reveals concerns about confidentiality and privacy during the counselling sessions due to inadequate and limited space. An absence of consent, even verbal, was reported in one PVTCC. There is no specific accredited training curriculum that leads to a formal registration as a PVTCC staff, and some lay counsellors work without training. Lay counsellors carry the burden of HIV counselling, but the majority of them work for many years without remuneration and recognition. Another quality challenge is the high workload in the district hospitals’ lab, which leads to long waiting times for HIV test results, thus contributing to failure to return for results.ConclusionThe findings of this study highlighted some issues such as lack of adequate space and equipment for HIV testing and counselling that hinder the quality of HTC services and should challenge the health authorities of Cameroon on the need to reorganize HTC services and create a national HIV quality assurance program.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12914-017-0118-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…While the reasons for non-receipt of HIV test results cannot be definitively determined through this study, we found that individual-level factors such as younger age (15–24 years), lower educational attainment, lower HIV knowledge, higher stigmatizing attitudes towards PLHIV, higher sexual risk behaviors, and lower decision-making power with regards to one’s health were associated with self-reported non-receipt of HIV test results. While no previous studies have sought to identify determinates of non-receipt of HIV test results in regions with high burden of HIV, prior studies have investigated determinants of HIV testing and identified analogous individual-level factors associated with not testing for HIV [13,25–31] and with failure to return for post-test HIV counseling [32–33]. Therefore, the cumulative evidence suggests that there is a consistent pattern of individual-level barriers to seeking, receiving, and/or understanding HIV testing and HIV test results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported non-receipt of HIV test results: A silent barrier to HIV epidemic control in Mozambique

Mugabe¹,

Bhatt²,

Carlucci³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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IntroductionPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) and who are aware of their HIV status can access and benefit from antiretroviral therapy (ART) with subsequent individual and public health benefits; however, many PLHIV are unaware of their HIV status. We assessed the magnitude and determinants of self-reported non-receipt of HIV test results in adults aged 15–59 years old in Mozambique.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of data from the 2015 Mozambique Immunization indicators, Malaria and HIV/AIDS (IMASIDA 2015). Eligible adults (15–59 years) from each selected household were interviewed and data on sociodemographic characteristics, HIV knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, and HIV testing history were collected. Multivariable logistic regression assessed factors associated with self-reported non-receipt of HIV test results. Population representative estimates were calculated.Results13,028 (90.8%) of 14,343 eligible participants were interviewed. A total of 6,654 (51.1%) respondents had previously been tested for HIV and were included in the analysis. Of these, 308 (4.6%; 95% CI: 3.70–5.77) self-reported not having received HIV test results. In the multivariable analysis, previous sexually transmitted infection (aOR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.44–5.31), HIV stigmatizing attitudes (aOR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.14–3.37), and lack of decision-making power towards health care seeking (aOR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.39–4.52) were associated with non-receipt of HIV test results. Whereas, secondary or higher education (aOR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12–0.54), higher HIV knowledge (aOR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.26–0.86), and age between 30–34 and 35–39 years old (aOR 0.47; 95% CI: 0.28–0.80; and aOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.27–0.90, respectively), were associated with receipt of HIV test results.ConclusionsIn this nationally representative survey, self-reported non-receipt of HIV test results was high and of public health relevance. These findings suggest adaptation of HIV counseling and testing programs emphasizing individualized approaches that target the youngest, least educated and the poorest individuals, especially those living in rural areas.

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Failure to Return for Posttest Counseling and HIV Test Results at the Prevention and Voluntary Testing and Counseling Centers of Douala, Cameroon: An Evaluation of a Routine Five-Year Program

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Why individuals fail to collect HIV-test results: an exploratory study at a testing and counseling center in Mexico City

Why individuals fail to collect HIV-test results: an exploratory study at a testing and counseling center in Mexico City

Challenges in the delivery of public HIV testing and counselling (HTC) in Douala, Cameroon: providers perspectives and implications on quality of HTC services

Self-reported non-receipt of HIV test results: A silent barrier to HIV epidemic control in Mozambique

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