Ultrasonographic Examination of the Spinal Cord and Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from the Atlanto-Occipital Space in Cattle

Braun, Ueli; Attiger, Jeannette

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2015.09.012

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…No red blood cells were present after cytological examination. A previous study described a median value of 2.5 erythrocytes/µl count in CSF after ultrasound-guided procedure in 73 cows (Braun & Attiger, 2016). In this study, no red blood cells were present.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

“…Atlano-occipital space ultrasonographic anatomy of goat is similar to cattle that has been described previously (Braun & Attiger, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…It is surrounded by skin, nuchal ligament, various muscles and AO membrane (Braun & Attiger, 2016). Blood vessels (BV) often seen dorsolateral and adjacent to the dural sac could be interpreted as a venous sinus based on the findings in the horse (Audigié et al, 2004) and cattle (Braun & Attiger, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the depth of the needle is not accurately predictable, though needle is inserted into sub-arachnoid space. But it is advisable to introduce the needle in the subarachnoid space slowly and carefully to monitor the free flow of CSF at regular intervals by removing the stylet (Braun & Attiger, 2016). Complications of blind CSF sampling can include nerve damage or even death of the animal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complications of blind CSF sampling can include nerve damage or even death of the animal. In addition, it can lead to blood contamination of the sample compromising evaluation and requires forceful ventro-flexion of the head which may result in respiratory compromise (Braun & Attiger, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonography of the spinal cord and the collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the Atlanto‐occipital space in goat

Shahid

Khan

Naseer

et al. 2021

Anat Histol Embryol

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Ultrasonography, a non-invasive and useful technique, is used for the examination of Atlanto-occipital space structural visualization. The collection of cerebrospinal fluid is more accurate and easier under ultrasound-guided procedure. In this study, longitudinal and transverse views of the Atlanto-occipital space were scanned and their different structural dimensions were measured in sixty healthy Beetal goats. In longitudinal plane, gap between skin and arachnoidea ranged from 8.71 to 10.21 mm (mean ± SD, 9.76 ± 0.44 mm). Depth of the subarachnoid gap dorsal and ventral to the spinal cord ranged from 2.14 to 3.23 mm (mean ± SD, 2.81 ± 0.33mm) and from 6.09 to 7.68 (mean ± SD, 7.02 ± 0.45 mm) respectively. Spinal cord diameter varied from 3.76 to 5.26 mm (mean ± SD, 4.57 ± 0.44 mm) and entire dural sac diameter varied from 12.59 to 15.69 mm (mean ± SD, 14.37 ± 0.74 mm). The spinal cord can be seen only in longitudinal plane over a distance of 1.81 to 2.93 mm (mean ± SD, 2.46 ± 0.35 mm). While in the transverse plane, gap between the skin and arachnoidea ranged from 11.01 to 13.11 mm (mean ± SD, 12.39 ± 0.54 mm). Depth of the subarachnoid space dorsal and ventral to spinal cord varied from 5.05 to 6.13 mm (mean ± SD, 5.59 ± 0.34 mm) and 4.12 to 5.25 (mean ± SD, 4.65 ± 0.29 mm) respectively. Spinal cord diameter ranged from 4.45 to 5.90 mm (mean ± SD, 5.24 ± 0.44 mm) and entire dural sac diameter varied from 14.68 to 16.96 mm (mean ± SD, 15.58 ± 0.57 mm). These standard measurements will be the reference values in healthy Beetal goats. Cerebrospinal fluid was colourless with the quantity of 2-4 ml (mean ± SD, 3 ± 0.89 ml). It was neither turbid nor coagulate. The white blood cell count was 10/µl and red blood cells were not present. Furthermore, total protein and glucose were also measured, which ranged from 23.5 to 28 mg/dl (mean ± SD, 25.78 ± 2.32 mg/dl) and 38-50 mg/dl (mean ± SD, 43.33 ± 4.60 mg/dl) respectively. Ziehl-Neelsen Staining and gram staining were negative.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

“…Atlano-occipital space ultrasonographic anatomy of goat is similar to cattle that has been described previously (Braun & Attiger, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Ultrasonography of the spinal cord and the collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the Atlanto‐occipital space in goat

Shahid

Khan

Naseer

et al. 2021

Anat Histol Embryol

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Clinical examination of cattle. Part 2: calves, technology and ancillary testing

Sherwin¹,

Nelson²,

Kerby³

et al. 2022

In Practice

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Background: A systematic clinical examination of calves is key for reaching a diagnosis and creating a management plan for sick animals, with the principles of an individual animal clinical examination giving an indication of group‐level issues within the herd. The use of ancillary testing can aid in diagnosing different conditions in both youngstock and adult cattle, as well as determining the prognosis for the animal. This has become more accessible recently due to the developments in sensors and the application of diagnostic imaging, as well as calf‐side tests. Aim of the article: This article is the second in a two‐part series on undertaking a clinical examination of cattle. This article focuses on how to perform a clinical examination of a calf, at both an individual and a population level, and also discusses the role of technology and ancillary testing in aiding the clinical examination of both adult cattle and calves. Part 1 focused on examining adult dairy and beef cattle (Nelson and others 2022).

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Parâmetros citológicos e bioquímicos do líquido cefalorraquidiano coletado de bovinos sadios em dois momentos, com intervalo de 96 horas

Cunha

Andrade

Filho

et al. 2017

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Ultrasonographic Examination of the Spinal Cord and Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from the Atlanto-Occipital Space in Cattle

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Ultrasonography of the spinal cord and the collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the Atlanto‐occipital space in goat

Ultrasonography of the spinal cord and the collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the Atlanto‐occipital space in goat

Clinical examination of cattle. Part 2: calves, technology and ancillary testing

Parâmetros citológicos e bioquímicos do líquido cefalorraquidiano coletado de bovinos sadios em dois momentos, com intervalo de 96 horas

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