Abstract:Despite BZP and DEX reportedly inducing similar subjective effects, there are different patterns of neural activation. We believe this differential activity is due to pharmacological differences in their receptor binding profiles and that subsequent inhibitory effects might be due to their direct effect on dopaminergic activity.
“…In HC individuals, greater D2R-related binding was associated with shorter interference delays, consistent with the hypotheses. While research into the influence of dopaminergic agents on Stroop performance in healthy populations are mixed [55][56][57], greater availability of striatal D2R has been associated with improved cognitive performance more broadly [58]. In the current study, this association between D2R binding and cognitive performance was not present in CUD participants.…”
Section: D2r/d3r and Dmn Suppression During Cognitive Controlmentioning
Stimulant-use disorders have been associated with lower availability of dopamine type-2 receptors (D2R) and greater availability of type-3 receptors (D3R). Links between D2R levels, cognitive performance, and suppression of the default mode network (DMN) during executive functioning have been observed in healthy and addicted populations; however, there is limited evidence regarding a potential role of elevated D3R in influencing cognitive control processes in groups with and without addictions. Sixteen individuals with cocaine-use disorder (CUD) and 16 healthy comparison (HC) participants completed [ 11 C]-(+)-PHNO PET imaging of D2R and D3R availability and fMRI during a Stroop task of cognitive control. Independent component analysis was performed on fMRI data to assess DMN suppression during Stroop performance. In HC individuals, lower D2R-related binding in the dorsal putamen was associated with improved task performance and greater DMN suppression. By comparison, in individuals with CUD, greater D3R-related binding in the substantia nigra was associated with improved performance and greater DMN suppression. Exploratory moderated-mediation analyses indicated that DMN suppression was associated with Stroop performance indirectly through D2R in HC and D3R in CUD participants, and these indirect effects were different between groups. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a dissociative and potentially beneficial role of elevated D3R availability in executive functioning in cocaine-use disorder.
“…In HC individuals, greater D2R-related binding was associated with shorter interference delays, consistent with the hypotheses. While research into the influence of dopaminergic agents on Stroop performance in healthy populations are mixed [55][56][57], greater availability of striatal D2R has been associated with improved cognitive performance more broadly [58]. In the current study, this association between D2R binding and cognitive performance was not present in CUD participants.…”
Section: D2r/d3r and Dmn Suppression During Cognitive Controlmentioning
Stimulant-use disorders have been associated with lower availability of dopamine type-2 receptors (D2R) and greater availability of type-3 receptors (D3R). Links between D2R levels, cognitive performance, and suppression of the default mode network (DMN) during executive functioning have been observed in healthy and addicted populations; however, there is limited evidence regarding a potential role of elevated D3R in influencing cognitive control processes in groups with and without addictions. Sixteen individuals with cocaine-use disorder (CUD) and 16 healthy comparison (HC) participants completed [ 11 C]-(+)-PHNO PET imaging of D2R and D3R availability and fMRI during a Stroop task of cognitive control. Independent component analysis was performed on fMRI data to assess DMN suppression during Stroop performance. In HC individuals, lower D2R-related binding in the dorsal putamen was associated with improved task performance and greater DMN suppression. By comparison, in individuals with CUD, greater D3R-related binding in the substantia nigra was associated with improved performance and greater DMN suppression. Exploratory moderated-mediation analyses indicated that DMN suppression was associated with Stroop performance indirectly through D2R in HC and D3R in CUD participants, and these indirect effects were different between groups. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a dissociative and potentially beneficial role of elevated D3R availability in executive functioning in cocaine-use disorder.
“…The study found that BZP caused an increase in activity in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and a decrease in the anterior cingulate cortex. In contrast, dexamphetamine reduced activity in IFG activity and increases it in thalamus (Curley et al 2016). We have also shown that a single oral dose of either BZP or TFMPP, but not the combination of BZP/TFMPP, affected the auditory sensory-evoked P300 potential in a manner similar to dexamphetamine .…”
The usual directional asymmetry (i.e. faster R-to-L transfer relative to L-to-R) observed in healthy control group was absent following the administration of either BZP, BZP + TFMPP or dexamphetamine. Surprisingly, lateralised hemispheric function was not affected by TFMPP. Our findings highlight how the administration of BZP, TFMPP and BZP + TFMPP leads to changes in the pattern of information transfer.
Objectives
This research aimed to systematically review the acute effects of amphetamine (AMP), a dopamine‐releasing agent, on working memory (WM) and other cognitive performances. The investigation also aimed to review the impact of personality traits on the subjective and objective effects of AMP and possible links between personality traits and effects of AMP.
Methods
Previous double‐blind controlled studies assessing the main effects of AMP on WM and other cognitive performances in healthy volunteers were systematically reviewed. An electronic search was performed in the PUBMED and SCOPUS databases. Narrative reviews of the influence of personality traits on the subjective and objective effects of AMP were included.
Results
Nineteen WM studies were included in the current review. Seven studies found effects of AMP on spatial WM, but only one study found the effect of AMP on verbal WM. Thirty‐seven independent studies on other aspects of cognitive performance were identified. Twenty‐two reported effects of AMP on cognitive functions. Studies also showed that personality traits are associated with the subjective effects of AMP. However, few studies reported the impacts of personality traits on the objective (such as WM) effects of AMP.
Conclusion
Overall, findings indicate that AMP has mixed‐effects on spatial WM and other cognitive functions, but it lacks effects on verbal WM. Although there are insufficient studies on objective measures, studies also indicated that the subjective effects of AMP administration are linked to between‐person variations in personality traits.
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