“…As shown in Table 3, according to the formula, τ el = 1/(2πfmax), the electron lifetimes are 221.2 ms and 165.9 ms for Pd/TNAs-C and Pd/TNAs-G, respectively. Similar results can also be found in the study by Chang et al (2016), who showed that the τ el was 13.28 ms for pure TNAs under electrochemical anodizing for synthesis [31].…”
Section: Electrochemical Performancesupporting
confidence: 89%
“…Chemical oxidation methods such as Fenton, ozone, hydrogen peroxide and chlorine oxidation are common used for the degradation of organic pollutants [1][2][3]. However, the oxidation efficiency may be low for compounds with benzene rings.…”
In this study, electrodes of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNAs) were successfully synthesized by applying the anodic oxidation etching method, as well as the use of green synthetic technology to add reducing agents of tea or coffee to reduce metal palladium from palladium chloride. Synthesis of palladium modified TNAs (Pd/TNAs) was conducted by the microwave hydrothermal method after the metal palladium was reduced. In order to identify the surface structure, light absorption and elemental composition, TNAs and Pd/TNAs were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, to test the photocurrent density, electron resistance, and hydroxyl radicals by I-t plot, electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were investigated. The photocurrent (4.0 mA/cm2) of Pd/TNAs-C (using coffee as the reducing agent) at +1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was higher than that of the pure TNAs (1.5 mA/cm2), illustrating that Pd/TNAs-C can effectively separate photogenerated electrons and holes. Pd/TNAs is a favorable material as a photoanode for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) removal of organic pollutants in wastewater.
“…As shown in Table 3, according to the formula, τ el = 1/(2πfmax), the electron lifetimes are 221.2 ms and 165.9 ms for Pd/TNAs-C and Pd/TNAs-G, respectively. Similar results can also be found in the study by Chang et al (2016), who showed that the τ el was 13.28 ms for pure TNAs under electrochemical anodizing for synthesis [31].…”
Section: Electrochemical Performancesupporting
confidence: 89%
“…Chemical oxidation methods such as Fenton, ozone, hydrogen peroxide and chlorine oxidation are common used for the degradation of organic pollutants [1][2][3]. However, the oxidation efficiency may be low for compounds with benzene rings.…”
In this study, electrodes of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNAs) were successfully synthesized by applying the anodic oxidation etching method, as well as the use of green synthetic technology to add reducing agents of tea or coffee to reduce metal palladium from palladium chloride. Synthesis of palladium modified TNAs (Pd/TNAs) was conducted by the microwave hydrothermal method after the metal palladium was reduced. In order to identify the surface structure, light absorption and elemental composition, TNAs and Pd/TNAs were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, to test the photocurrent density, electron resistance, and hydroxyl radicals by I-t plot, electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were investigated. The photocurrent (4.0 mA/cm2) of Pd/TNAs-C (using coffee as the reducing agent) at +1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was higher than that of the pure TNAs (1.5 mA/cm2), illustrating that Pd/TNAs-C can effectively separate photogenerated electrons and holes. Pd/TNAs is a favorable material as a photoanode for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) removal of organic pollutants in wastewater.
“…Cu 2 O coupled with TiO 2 is an example of p-n heterojunction. Such composite semiconductor was applied in the PEC degradation of methyl orange [182] and ibuprofen [189]. Cu 2 O is characterized by the band gap energy that is equal to 2.0-2.2 eV.…”
Industrial sources of environmental pollution generate huge amounts of industrial wastewater containing various recalcitrant organic and inorganic pollutants that are hazardous to the environment. On the other hand, industrial wastewater can be regarded as a prospective source of fresh water, energy, and valuable raw materials. Conventional sewage treatment systems are often not efficient enough for the complete degradation of pollutants and they are characterized by high energy consumption. Moreover, the chemical energy that is stored in the wastewater is wasted. A solution to these problems is an application of photoelectrocatalytic treatment methods, especially when they are coupled with energy generation. The paper presents a general overview of the semiconductor materials applied as photoelectrodes in the treatment of various pollutants. The fundamentals of photoelectrocatalytic reactions and the mechanism of pollutants treatment as well as parameters affecting the treatment process are presented. Examples of different semiconductor photoelectrodes that are applied in treatment processes are described in order to present the strengths and weaknesses of the photoelectrocatalytic treatment of industrial wastewater. This overview is an addition to the existing knowledge with a particular focus on the main experimental conditions employed in the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of various pollutants with the application of semiconductor photoelectrodes.
“…Cu 2 O/TNA/Ti behaved as a photoanode analogous to TNA/Ti. 27,29 Cu 2 O absorbed UVvisible light and generated electron-hole pairs. The photogenerated electrons in the conduction band of Cu 2 O were transferred to the conduction band of TNA and then to the Ti back contact, and photogenerated holes in the valence band of TNA were transferred to the valence band of Cu 2 O and then to the Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte, serving as a photoanodic current.…”
Section: Energy Band Diagram Of Cu 2 O Heterojunctionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is considered that the heterojunction enhance the separation of photogenerated charges. [25][26][27][28][29] In fact, the enhancement of the charge separation at Cu 2 O/TNA junction to assist in photocatalysis has yet to be veried.…”
Cu2O/TNA/Ti photoanode showed spectral response outperformed Cu2O/Ti and Cu2O/FTO photocathodes. Cu2O/TNA/Ti showed better spectral response than that of TNA/Ti, ascribed to UV-visible light absorption of Cu2O, not to charge separation enhancement.
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