Multiple evolutionary origins of Australian soil-burrowing cockroaches driven by climate change in the Neogene

Lo, Nathan; Tong, K. Jun; Rose, H. A.; Ho, Simon Y. W.; Beninati, Tiziana; Low, David; Matsumoto, Tadao; Maekawa, Kazuyuki

doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2869

Cited by 15 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In the case of the Australian Schedorhinotermes, the timing of the split between this lineage and the Oriental Schedorhinotermes is consistent with a crossing over Wallace's line, either through rafting, or aerial dispersal across the short distances that are thought to have existed between some pairs of islands respectively with an Oriental and Australian/Papua New Guinean origin. Similar scenarios have been proposed to explain the presence of geoscapheine and panesthiine burrowing cockroaches in Australia (Lo et al, 2016). However, in that case, Australian cockroach taxa were found to be nested within Asian lineages, whereas this pattern was not found for Australian and Asian Schedorhinotermes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Historical biogeography of the termite clade Rhinotermitinae (Blattodea: Isoptera)

Wang

Buček

Šobotník

et al. 2019

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Termites are the principal decomposers in tropical and subtropical ecosystems around the world. Time-calibrated molecular phylogenies show that some lineages of Neoisoptera diversified during the Oligocene and Miocene, and acquired their pantropical distribution through transoceanic dispersal events, probably by rafting in wood. In this paper, we intend to resolve the historical biogeography of one of the earliest branching lineages of Neoisoptera, the Rhinotermitinae. We used the mitochondrial genomes of 27 species of Rhinotermitinae to build two robust time-calibrated phylogenetic trees that we used to reconstruct the ancestral distribution of the group. Our analyses support the monophyly of Rhinotermitinae and all genera of Rhinotermitinae. Our molecular clock trees provided time estimations that diverged by up to 15.6 million years depending on whether or not 3rd codon positions were included. Rhinotermitinae arose 50.4-64.6 Ma (41.7-74.5 Ma 95% HPD). We detected four disjunctions among biogeographic realms, the earliest of which occurred 41.0-56.6 Ma (33.0-65.8 Ma 95% HPD), and the latest of which occurred 20.3-34.2 Ma (15.9-40.4 Ma 95% HPD). These results show that the Rhinotermitinae acquired their distribution through a combination of transoceanic dispersals and dispersals across land bridges.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Historical biogeography of the termite clade Rhinotermitinae (Blattodea: Isoptera)

Wang

Buček

Šobotník

et al. 2019

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…Divergence dates ranged from 0 to 25 mya (median age 2.4 mya). Eight taxa (26%) exhibited divergence‐date estimates pre‐dating the geological formation of Lord Howe Island, including plants (e.g., Thomas, Bruhl, Ford, & Weston, ; Wagstaff et al, ), invertebrates (e.g., Buckley et al, ; Lo et al, ) and a lizard (Chapple, Ritchie, & Daugherty, ) lineage. The univariate distribution plot of divergence times for Lord Howe Island taxa suggests an exponential increase of lineages with time, a strikingly similar pattern to that observed for NZ and Chatham Islands taxa (Figure c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic divergence of island biotas: Molecular dates, extinction, and “relict” lineages

McCulloch

Waters

2019

Molecular Ecology

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Island formation is a key driver of biological evolution, and several studies have used geological ages of islands to calibrate rates of DNA change. However, many islands are home to “relict” lineages whose divergence apparently pre‐dates island age. The geologically dynamic New Zealand (NZ) archipelago sits upon the ancient, largely submerged continent Zealandia, and the origin and age of its distinctive biota have long been contentious. While some researchers have interpreted NZ's biota as equivalent to that of a post‐Oligocene island, a recent review of genetic studies identified a sizeable proportion of pre‐Oligocene “relict” lineages, concluding that much of the biota survived an incomplete drowning event. Here, we assemble comparable genetic divergence data sets for two recently formed South Pacific archipelagos (Lord Howe; Chatham Islands) and demonstrate similarly substantial proportions of relict lineages. Similar to the NZ biota, our island reviews provide surprisingly little evidence for major genetic divergence “pulses” associated with island emergence. The dominance of Quaternary divergence estimates in all three biotas may highlight the importance of rapid biological turnover and new arrivals in response to recent climatic and/or geological disturbance and change. We provide a schematic model to help account for discrepancies between expected versus observed divergence‐date distributions for island biotas, incorporating the effects of both molecular dating error and lineage extinction. We conclude that oceanic islands can represent both evolutionary “cradles” and “museums” and that the presence of apparently archaic island lineages does not preclude dispersal origins.

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“…In each area, some individuals adapt to a novel niche created by the onset of aridity, and eventually become reproductively isolated from their parent species, which remains in the original niche. Although some studies have found evidence for an association between ancient aridification events and parallel evolution (Arab et al., ; Lo et al., ), the abiotic factors associated with these changes remain understudied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work has since revealed that neither subfamily forms a natural group and that the taxa are in fact nested within one another, with soil burrowers independently emerging as sister species to the wood feeders up to nine times (Maekawa et al., ; Lo et al., ; Figure ). The wood‐feeding ancestors of modern geoscapheines are hypothesized to have independently evolved soil burrowing behaviour in response to the drying of the Australian continent during the Miocene period (Lo et al., ; Maekawa et al., ). As the availability of rotting logs decreased with the amount of rainforest cover, panesthiines that were previously adapted for burrowing into wood would have moved underground into soil in an attempt to seek out more humid conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple abiotic factors correlate with parallel evolution in Australian soil burrowing cockroaches

Beasley‐Hall

Lee

Rose

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim:The ways in which abiotic factors contribute to parallel evolution-the evolution of similar, derived phenotypes in independent, closely related lineages-remain understudied. Australian cockroaches of the subfamilies Panesthiinae ("wood feeders") and Geoscapheinae ("soil burrowers") are two closely related groups that provide a striking example of parallel evolution of burrowing behaviour. The ancestral wood-feeding panesthiines migrated from Asia~20 million years ago before soil burrowing was independently acquired multiple times in the derived geoscapheines.Here, we investigate whether specific abiotic factors were associated with the parallel evolution of soil burrowing behaviour, and whether divergence events of geoscapheines from panesthiine ancestors are consistent with niche conservatism or divergence.Location: The Australian mainland, including the areas in which selected Australian Panesthiinae and Geoscapheinae cockroach species are distributed. Methods:We generated environmental niche models for members of the Australian Geoscapheinae and Panesthiinae using presence-only data and abiotic variables related to temperature, precipitation, and soil composition from BioClim and the Australian Soil Resource Information System. We used an existing phylogenetic framework to compare environmental niche models and tested for niche conservatism versus divergence. Morphological convergence was assessed by a regression analysis and principal components analysis of leg segment and body dimensions in soil burrowers and wood feeders. Results:We found no relationship between niche similarity and time since divergence, and only limited evidence for phylogenetic signal with respect to the environmental variables examined. We found that soil burrowing behaviour is consistently correlated with thirteen abiotic factors associated with aridity, including a wider range of temperatures and lower precipitation levels. Evidence for convergence in leg morphology and body dimensions across soil burrowers was found. Main conclusions:Our results are consistent with soil burrowing behaviour evolving in response to ancient aridification events following the arrival of the Panesthiinae in Australia. Our results suggest a scenario of niche divergence between soil burrowers and each of their wood feeding sister taxa. There is evidence for morphological convergence on a "shovel-like" protibiotarsus in the Geoscapheinae that would aid in burrowing into soil.

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Multiple evolutionary origins of Australian soil-burrowing cockroaches driven by climate change in the Neogene

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Historical biogeography of the termite clade Rhinotermitinae (Blattodea: Isoptera)

Historical biogeography of the termite clade Rhinotermitinae (Blattodea: Isoptera)

Phylogenetic divergence of island biotas: Molecular dates, extinction, and “relict” lineages

Multiple abiotic factors correlate with parallel evolution in Australian soil burrowing cockroaches

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