Association Between Cd Exposure and Risk of Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Several observational studies on the association between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer have yielded inconsistent results. To address this issue, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer.Relevant studies in PubMed and Embase databases were retrieved until October 2015. We compared the highest and lowest meta-analyses to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer. Summary estimates were obtained using a random-effects model.In the general population, high Cd exposure was not associated with increased prostate cancer (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.91–1.64), whereas the combined standardized mortality ratio of the association between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer was 1.66 (95% CI 1.10–2.50) in populations exposed to occupational Cd. In addition, high D-Cd intake (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.96–1.20) and U-Cd concentration (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.48–1.55) among the general population was not related to the increased risk of prostate cancer. In the dose analysis, the summary relative risk was 1.07 (95% CI 0.73–1.57) for each 0.5 μg/g creatinine increase in U-Cd and 1.02 (95% CI 0.99–1.06) for each 10 μg/day increase of dietary Cd intake. However, compared with nonoccupational exposure, high occupational Cd exposure may be associated with the increased risk of prostate cancer.This meta-analysis suggests high Cd exposure as a risk factor for prostate cancer in occupational rather than nonoccupational populations. However, these results should be carefully interpreted because of the significant heterogeneity among studies. Additional large-scale and high-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm the association between Cd exposure and risk of prostate cancer.

Identification of core genes associated with prostate cancer progression and outcome via bioinformatics analysis in multiple databases

“…It is now the most common tumor in the adult urology department in China (Mayer et al, 2001). There are several factors can increase the risk of prostate cancer (for example, family factors, bald, gonorrhea, smoking; Lian et al, 2015;Rao et al, 2015;Islami et al, 2014), and genetic predisposition is considered to be one of the important factors of the incidence of prostate cancer (Ju-Kun et al, 2016;Jansson et al, 2012;Hemminki, 2012). At present, 100 susceptibility loci were identified, the mechanism of prostate cancer is incomprehensible, although a large number of studies have been conducted on the development and recurrence of prostate cancer.…”

Blood cadmium by race/hispanic origin: The role of smoking

“…Cadmium has been determined to be a human carcinogen, causing lung cancers and associated with kidney and prostate cancer (IARC, 1993; Ju-Kun et al, 2016). An association between high level exposure to cadmium and breast cancer has also been reported in multiple studies (Larsson et al, 2015).…”

Association between air cadmium exposure and prostate cancer aggressiveness at diagnosis

“…For the first category (mortality as endpoint), meta-analyses literature surveys showed no statistically significant evidence of an association between cadmium exposure and PC mortality in the general population [26] [27]. However, mortality by itself, may not be a sufficient method to evaluate tumor aggressiveness for at least three reasons: (1) inaccuracy of death certificates and other methods of quantifying cause-related mortality, (2) differences in treatments, and (3) attenuation of the potential effect of environmental toxicants such as cadmium when the large majority of patients has an indolent disease such as PC.…”