Changes in bone mineral density over time by body mass index in the health ABC study

Abstract

Purpose Cross-sectional studies have found a positive association between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD), but little is known about the longitudinal relationship in US older adults. Methods We examined average annual rate of change in BMD by baseline BMI in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Repeated measurement of BMD was performed with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline, and years 3, 5, 6, 8, and 10. Multivariate generalized estimating equations were used to predict mean BMD (femoral neck, total hip, and whole body) by baseline BMI (excluding underweight), adjusting for covariates. Results The sample (N= 2,570) was 43% were overweight and 24% were obese with a mean baseline femoral neck BMD of 0.743 g/cm2, hip BMD of 0.888 g/cm2, and whole body BMD of 1.09 g/cm2. Change in total hip or whole body BMD over time did not vary by BMI groups. However, obese older adults lost 0.003 g/cm2 of femoral neck BMD per year more compared with normal weight older adults (p<0.001). Femoral neck BMD change over time did not differ between the overweight and normal weight BMI groups (p=0.74). In year 10, adjusted femoral neck BMD ranged from 0.696 g/cm2 among obese, 0.709 g/cm2 among normal weight, and 0.719 g/cm2 among overweight older adults. Conclusions Findings underscore the importance of looking at the longitudinal relationship between body composition and bone mineral density among older adults, indicating that high body mass may not be protective for bone loss over time.

The Association between Body Mass Index and Vitamin D Supplement Use among Adults in the United States

“…Although the effect of low 25(OH)D concentrations among obese subjects on bone mineralization is not very clear, a recent nationwide cross-sectional analysis demonstrated that BMI was positively associated with femoral-neck-bone mineral density (BMD) among adults aged 50 years and older, irrespective of their sex or race [26]. In contrast, a prospective study conducted among participants in the Health ABC study reported that obese older adults had significantly lower mean femoral-neck BMD than those with normal weight at 10 years of follow-up [27].…”

Distinct biomarkers for different bones in osteoporosis with rheumatoid arthritis

“…The ROI for the distal forearm was the distal one third of the radius and ulna [22–24]. To minimize the effects of the time differences between participants for the two measurements, the annual rate of change of BMD was used as the objective variable, as previously reported [25]. The value was calculated using the formula:…”

The Bone Mineral Density of the Lateral Skull Base and its Relation to Obesity and Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks

“…10 There is also evidence which shows that obesity may alter the bony architecture via adipokines or cytokines that lead to a decrease in bone strength without altering the BMD. 15–16 The pathophysiology of bone health and obesity remains an active area of research. 11…”