The effects of eye coordination during deep cervical flexor training on the thickness of the cervical flexors

Moon, Hyun-Ju; Goo, Bong-Oh; Kwon, Hae-Yeon; Jang, Jun-Hyeok

doi:10.1589/jpts.27.3799

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the previously reported study, in individuals without CNP, DNF activation during the CCFT increased as the degree of gaze direction increased to 20° and 40° [ 30 ]. In the case of gaze direction to the jaw, longus colli activation increased by 10% [ 52 ]. In contrast, in previous studies, longus colli activation during the CCFT was not significantly correlated with gaze direction (above 45°, above 90°, and below 45°) [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Optimal Gaze Direction on Deep Neck Flexor Activation in Chronic Neck Pain

ByoungKwon

Seo

2020

Healthcare

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Chronic neck pain (CNP) patients have weak deep neck flexors (DNF) and a hyperactive sternocleidomastoid (SCM). The cranio-cervical flexion test (CCFT) promotes activation of the DNF and decreases activity of the SCM, promoting pain recovery, but research suggests SCM activation increases with increasing gaze direction. We aimed to investigate how DNF and SCM activation varies according to gaze direction in the CCFT, and to prescribe the appropriate gaze direction for CNP. Twenty-eight CNP subjects had their maximum strength pressure level determined by CCFT for strength (20–~30 mmHg) and at each of the measured pressures, DNF and SCM thickness in each of four gaze directions (0°, 20°, 40°, and 60°) was measured by ultrasound imaging. The DNF to SCM ratio varied significantly according to gaze direction (p < 0.05), with gaze directions of 20° and 0° being significantly different from 40° (p < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in DNF activation according to gaze direction, there was in SCM activation (p < 0.05), with SCM 60° significantly different from SCM 20° and SCM 40° (p < 0.05). In order to increase DNF activation efficiency during the CCFT, SCM activation should be controlled, and a gaze direction below 20° is the most efficient. This can inform DNF training of CNP patients in a clinical environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Optimal Gaze Direction on Deep Neck Flexor Activation in Chronic Neck Pain

ByoungKwon

Seo

2020

Healthcare

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“…This muscle is an important stabilizer to maintain normal head on neck posture (6). Weakness of this muscle decrease proprioception function and ability of this muscle to control posture of the cervical spine (7). Previous studies indicated that FHP is associated with weakness of upper cervical flexor muscles in patients with cervicogenic headache (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Performance of Longus Colli Muscle in Women with and without Forward Head Posture

Bokaee

Manshadi

2021

Muscle Ligaments and Tendons J

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Background. Forward head posture (FHP) is the most common poor postures in patients with shoulder and neck pain. Longus colli (LCo) muscle has important role in maintaining normal posture of the cervical spine and dysfunction of this muscle may lead to abnormal posture of the cervical spine. Ultrasonography is one of the most common methods used to evaluate muscle performance. The aim of this study was to compare performance of LCo muscle between women with and without FHP. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 70 women with and without FHP (35 in each group). Thickness of LCo muscle in resting state, contraction state (50% of maximal isometric contraction of craniocervical flexion) and thickness change of this muscle between resting and contraction state were measured by ultrasonography and compared between two groups using Independent-Samples T test. Results. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between two groups regarding thickness of LCo muscle in resting and contraction state but, thickness change of this muscle between resting and contraction state was significantly smaller in women with FHP compared with control group. Conclusions. The results of this study indicated that measurement of thickness change of LCo muscle between resting and contraction state seems to be a better parameter than thickness of this muscle in resting or contraction state for assessment of performance of this muscle.

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Real time ultrasound imaging shows changes in deep neck flexor activation during exercise in individuals with mechanical neck pain

Daly,

Prodoehl

2024

BMR

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BACKGROUND: Deep neck flexor muscle atrophy and increased superficial neck muscle activation are associated with disability and pain intensity in individuals with neck pain. There is a lack of evidence to support direct assessment of deep neck flexor muscles in a non-invasive way during exercise performance to help determine the effectiveness of different neck strengthening exercises. OBJECTIVE: Compare longus colli (LC) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) activation between individuals with and without neck pain using real time ultrasound (RTUS) during a series of craniocervical exercises. METHODS: This cross-sectional cohort study recruited 10 control and 10 neck pain participants to complete four deep neck flexor activation activities involving varying levels of craniocervical flexion. Dimensions of the LC and SCM were measured using RTUS at rest and during exercise. Independent t-tests assessed baseline differences and analysis of variance examined activation changes. RESULTS: At rest, the neck pain group had significantly smaller cross-sectional area and thickness of the LC compared to the control group (p< 0.05). During exercise, the neck pain group showed significantly larger increases in LC thickness and cross-sectional area across exercise compared to the control group, with no differences in SCM activation between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite atrophy, individuals with neck pain can activate their deep neck flexor muscles appropriately without activating their superficial neck flexor muscles in a supine series of craniocervical flexion exercise as measured by non-invasive ultrasound imaging.

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The effects of eye coordination during deep cervical flexor training on the thickness of the cervical flexors

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

The Importance of Optimal Gaze Direction on Deep Neck Flexor Activation in Chronic Neck Pain

The Importance of Optimal Gaze Direction on Deep Neck Flexor Activation in Chronic Neck Pain

Performance of Longus Colli Muscle in Women with and without Forward Head Posture

Real time ultrasound imaging shows changes in deep neck flexor activation during exercise in individuals with mechanical neck pain

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