A novel spotted fever group Rickettsia infecting Amblyomma parvitarsum (Acari: Ixodidae) in highlands of Argentina and Chile

Ogrzewalska, Maria; Nieri-Bastos, Fernanda A.; Marcili, Arlei; Nava, Stefano; González‐Acuña, Daniel; Muñoz-Léal, Sebastián; Ruíz-Arrondo, Ignacio; Venzal, José M.; Mangold, Atilio José; Labruna, Marcelo Bahia

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.01.003

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These include other rickettsial strains identical or nearly identical to Rickettsia sp. Atlantic rainforest Aa46 (17)(18)(19)(20), as well as several other SFGR of undetermined pathogenicity (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Strain of Rickettsia parkeri Associated with the Hard Tick Dermacentor parumapertus Neumann in the Western United States

Paddock

Allerdice

Karpathy

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In 1953, investigators at the Rocky Mountain Laboratories in Hamilton, MT, described the isolation of a spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) species from Dermacentor parumapertus ticks collected from black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) in northern Nevada. Several decades later, investigators characterized this SFGR (designated the parumapertus agent) by using mouse serotyping methods and determined that it represented a distinct rickettsial serotype closely related to Rickettsia parkeri; nonetheless, the parumapertus agent was not further characterized or studied. To our knowledge, no isolates of the parumapertus agent remain in any rickettsial culture collection, which precludes contemporary phylogenetic placement of this enigmatic SFGR. To rediscover the parumapertus agent, adult-stage D. parumapertus ticks were collected from black-tailed jackrabbits shot or encountered as roadkills in Arizona, Utah, or Texas from 2011 to 2016. A total of 339 ticks were collected and evaluated for infection with Rickettsia species. Of 112 D. parumapertus ticks collected in south Texas, 16 (14.3%) contained partial ompA sequences with the closest identity (99.6%) to Rickettsia sp. strain Atlantic rainforest Aa46, an SFGR that is closely related or identical to an SFGR species that causes a mild rickettsiosis in several states of Brazil. A pure isolate, designated strain Black Gap, was cultivated in Vero E6 cells, and sequence analysis of the rrs, gltA, sca0, sca5, and sca4 genes also revealed the closest genetic identity to Rickettsia sp. Atlantic rainforest Aa46. Phylogenetic analysis of the five concatenated rickettsial genes place Rickettsia sp. strain Black Gap and Rickettsia sp. Atlantic rainforest Aa46 with R. parkeri in a distinct and well-supported clade.IMPORTANCE We suggest that Rickettsia sp. Black Gap and Rickettsia sp. Atlantic rainforest Aa46 represent nearly identical strains of R. parkeri and that Rickettsia sp. Black Gap or a very similar strain of R. parkeri represents the parumapertus agent. The close genetic relatedness among these taxa, as well as the response of guinea pigs infected with the Black Gap strain, suggests that R. parkeri Black Gap could cause disease in humans. The identification of this organism could also account, at least in part, for the remarkable differences in severity ascribed to Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) among various regions of the American West during the early 20th century. We suggest that the wide variation in case fatality rates attributed to RMSF

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Strain of Rickettsia parkeri Associated with the Hard Tick Dermacentor parumapertus Neumann in the Western United States

Paddock

Allerdice

Karpathy

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…strain El Tunal, and Rickettsia sp. endosymbiont of Amblyomma parvitarsum PACHECO et al, 2007;SARACHO BOTTERO et al, 2015;TARRAGONA et al, 2015;OGRZEWALSKA et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Rickettsial infection in ticks infesting wild birds from two eco-regions of Argentina

Flores

Costa

Nava

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Several tick-borne Rickettsia species are recognized human pathogens in Argentina. Here we evaluated rickettsial infection in ticks collected on passerine birds during 2011-2012 in two eco-regions of Argentina. The ticks were processed by molecular analysis through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection and DNA sequencing of fragments of two rickettsial genes, gltA and ompA. A total of 594 tick specimens (532 larvae and 62 nymphs), representing at least 4 species (Amblyomma tigrinum, Ixodes pararicinus, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris), were evaluated. At least one A. tigrinum larva, collected on Coryphospingus cucullatus in Chaco Seco, was infected with Rickettsia parkeri, whereas at least 12 larvae and 1 nymph of I. pararicinus, collected from Troglodytes aedon, Turdus amaurochalinus, Turdus rufiventris, C. cucullatus and Zonotrichia capensis, were infected with an undescribed Rickettsia agent, genetically related to several rickettsial endosymbionts of ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. R. parkeri is a recognized human pathogen in several American countries including Argentina, where a recent study incriminated A. tigrinum as the potential vector of R. parkeri to humans. Birds could play an important role in dispersing R. parkeri-infected A. tigrinum ticks. Additionally, we report for the first time a rickettsial agent infecting I. pararicinus ticks.Keywords: Rickettsia parkeri, endosymbiont, Amblyomma tigrinum, Ixodes pararicinus, passeriformes. ResumoAlgumas espécies de Rickettsia transmitidas por carrapatos são reconhecidos como patógenos humanos na Argentina. Este presente trabalho avaliou a infecção por Rickettsia em carrapatos coletados em aves passeriformes, durante 2011-2012, em duas ecorregiões da Argentina. Os carrapatos foram processados pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e sequenciamento de DNA de dois genes de Rickettsia: gltA e ompA. Ao todo, 594 amostras de carrapatos (532 larvas e 62 ninfas), representando pelo menos 4 espécies (Amblyomma tigrinum, Ixodes pararicinus, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris), foram avaliadas. Pelo menos uma larva de A. tigrinum, coletada de Coryphospingus cucullatus no Chaco Seco, estava infectada com Rickettsia parkeri, enquanto pelo menos 12 larvas e 1 ninfa de I. pararicinus, coletadas de Troglodytes aedon, Turdus amaurochalinus, Turdus rufiventris, C. cucullatus e Zonotrichia capensis estavam infectadas com Rickettsia sp., geneticamente relacionada a vários endossimbiontes riquetsiais de carrapatos do complexo Ixodes ricinus. R. parkeri é reconhecidamente um patógeno humano em alguns países americanos, incluindo a Argentina, onde um estudo recente incriminou A. tigrinum como um provável vetor. Aves poderiam desempenhar um papel importante na dispersão de carrapatos A. tigrinum infectados por R. parkeri. Em adição, relata-se pela primeira vez a infecção por Rickettsia em I. pararicinus.

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“…In Chile, the genus Ornithodoros is currently composed by seven species (Muñoz-Leal et al 2016, Nava et al 2017, all described for northern and central regions of the country, and always associated either to reptiles , Muñoz-Leal et al 2016 stereomicroscope, and measured using the software ZEN 2 pro. All measurements are given in millimetres (mm), with the mean followed by the standard deviation and range in parentheses.…”

Section: Ornithodoros Quilinensismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Muñoz-Leal et al 2016, 2017b (Chile,≈30ºS), which in turn is geographically isolated by the Atacama Desert in the north, Andes Mountains by the east and the Pacific Ocean by the west, the probability that these two species indeed correspond to a unique taxon is rather unlikely to occur.…”

Section: Subgeneric Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…South American fauna of ticks merge life cycles with different orders of amphibian, reptile, birds OGRZEWALSKA;PINTER, 2016), and micro and macromammals DURDEN, 2006;LUZ et al, 2016;MUÑOZ-LEAL et al, 2016;SPONCHIADO et al, 2015), including humans (GUGLIELMONE et al, 2006). Interest in tick-borne diseases from a human and domestic animal health point of view has promoted the realization of deep research on tick-borne microorganisms from this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Anaplasma, Borrelia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia and Hepatozoon agents in ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) from Chile, and a taxonomic study on Ornithodoros capensis sensu lato (Acari: Argasidae) in South America São Paulo

Leal¹

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Autorizo a reprodução parcial ou total desta obra, para fins acadêmicos, desde que citada a fonte. T. 3580 Muñoz Leal, Sebastián Alejandro FMVZ Study on Anaplasma, Borrelia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia and Hepatozoon agents in ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) from Chile, and a taxonomic study on Ornithodoros capensis sensu lato (Acari: Argasidae) in South America / Sebastián Alejandro Muñoz Leal. --2017. 2 0 0 p . : i l . DADOS INTERNACIONAIS DE CATALOGAÇÃO NA PUBLICAÇÃO(Título traduzido: Pesquisa dos agentes Anaplasma, Borrelia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia e Hepatozoon em carrapatos (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) do Chile e estudo taxonômico de Ornithodoros capensis sensu lato (Argasidae) na América do Sul. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe current study represents the combined efforts of an international group of tick researchers and I am most grateful for the time that they have invested in order to contribute to this work.In first place, I would like to thank Marcelo B. Labruna for the numerous advices provided until the last analyses in the course of this study. Without his expertise, this work would be likely to include many inaccurate statements. Long and fruitful talks on soft tick systematics with him guided a great part of this work.Extensive discussions on Argasidae were also shared with José M. Venzal, who in two occasions joined the fieldwork group, and actively participated in the expedition I wish to express my sincere thanks to them all for their efforts.I was fortunate to discuss on phylogenetics with Santiago Nava; his advice was definitive when inferring evolutionary relationships for many results of this study.He also provided rapid assistance with Principal Component Analyses for sets of morphological traits from soft tick larvae, presented in the first, second and last chapter of this work. Thanks are also extended to Arlei Marcili, for his useful advices on phylogenetic tree-construction and for his devote contribution in the elaboration of many phylogenetic analyses for different chapters of the current work.A considerable contribution to the results of the current study was made by some of my laboratory fellows. I am deeply grateful to Francisco B. Costa, who taught me the PCR technique, and dedicated great efforts in cellular cultures to achieve Rickettsia isolations from Chilean ticks. Sincere thanks are also extended to Amália M. Barbieri, Fernanda Nieri and Yohana Acevedo, who also expended days in order to successfully isolate Rickettsia from soft ticks. species analyzed in this study, and therefore constitute a useful tool in order to confirm the identities and define genetic boundaries of ticks of this group in South America. Finally, the results of this study add at least five new species of Argasidae family into Chilean fauna of ticks, and point the occurrence of several forms that need further assessment in order to accurately confirm their identities.

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A novel spotted fever group Rickettsia infecting Amblyomma parvitarsum (Acari: Ixodidae) in highlands of Argentina and Chile

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Unique Strain of Rickettsia parkeri Associated with the Hard Tick Dermacentor parumapertus Neumann in the Western United States

Unique Strain of Rickettsia parkeri Associated with the Hard Tick Dermacentor parumapertus Neumann in the Western United States

Rickettsial infection in ticks infesting wild birds from two eco-regions of Argentina

<b>Study on <i>Anaplasma, Borrelia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia</i> and <i>Hepatozoon</i> agents in ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae, Ixodidae) from Chile, and a taxonomic study on <i>Ornithodoros capensis</i> sensu lato (Acari: Argasidae) in South America São Paulo</b>

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