Intestinal ischemic preconditioning reduces liver ischemia reperfusion injury in rats

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether intestinal ischemic preconditioning (IP) reduces damage to the liver during hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR). Sprague Dawley rats were used to model liver IR injury, and were divided into the sham operation group (SO), IR group and IP group. The results indicated that IR significantly increased Bax, caspase 3 and NF-κBp65 expression levels, with reduced expression of Bcl-2 compared with the IP group. Compared with the IR group, the levels of AST, ALT, MPO, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1 were significantly reduced in the IP group. Immunohistochemistry for Bcl-2 and Bax indicated that Bcl-2 expression in the IP group was significantly increased compared with the IR group. In addition, IP reduced Bax expression compared with the IR group. The average liver injury was worsened in the IR group and improved in the IP group, as indicated by the morphological evaluation of liver tissues. The present study suggested that IP may alleviates apoptosis, reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ameloriate reductions in liver function and reduce liver tissue injury. To conclude, IP provided protection against hepatic IR injury.

Pre‐conditions for eliminating mitochondrial dysfunction and maintaining liver function after hepatic ischaemia reperfusion

“…One study has executed IPC in the right hind limbs of rats with six cycles of pre‐condition clamping and reperfusion and has found that the attenuated liver necrosis is mediated by the up‐regulation of interleukin(IL)‐6 . In addition to remote IPC on limbs, intestinal IPC has also eliminated hepatic IR‐induced injury by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and enhancing Bcl‐2 expression . However, investigators also found that there was no additional protective effect of IPC in patients undergoing liver resection under continuous or intermittent vascular occlusion .…”

Current Antioxidant Treatments in Organ Transplantation

“…In animal studies, LIPC has been proven to be an efficient tool to protect most organs (e.g., liver, kidney, heart, and intestine), particularly via antioxidant pathway [ 4 ]. Concerning mechanism, a recent study demonstrates that LIPC can enhance a series of antioxidant genes' expression via activating cytoplasmic redox-sensitive transcription factors, effecting regulating cell redox status, inhibiting oxidative injury to cell components, altering the disturbance of Ca 2+ , and preventing nucleus injury and DNA fragmentation [ 5 ]. From bench to bedside, a randomized clinical trial (RCT) involves 60 liver donors by 10 min inflow occlusion and 10 min reperfusion to improve the graft tolerance to IRI, and the results indicate that LIPC approach significantly improves liver biochemical markers of hepatocyte function in deceased donor liver transplantation (LT) [ 6 ].…”

Low-energy shock wave preconditioning reduces renal ischemic reperfusion injury caused by renal artery occlusion

“…Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a potent protective strategy in which a brief occlusion of ischemia and reperfusion results in tolerance to subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury 8,9 . It has been demonstrated in multiple tissues and organs including the heart, liver, small intestine, and renal tissues [10][11][12][13] . Low-energy shock waves have been used in many fields to reduce the damage induced by tissue ischemia or to improve recovery after ischemia.…”