Extravagance in the commons: Resource exploitation and the frontiers of ecosystem service depletion in the Amazon estuary

Urban Ecosystem Services Quantification through Remote Sensing Approach: A Systematic Review

“…The ES supply depends on biophysical factors and their modifications over time and space [4][5][6][7]. Since ES are the benefits that humans acquire directly or indirectly through nature [2,8], the urban environments are important study areas for ES supply and demand analysis, once it is where most of the users and beneficiaries of the ES live [7,[9][10][11].…”

Governance for Sustainability of Estuarine Areas—Assessing Alternative Models Using the Case of Ria de Aveiro, Portugal

“…In fact, the protection of estuaries is commonly associated with the challenges of governing collective action and the management of common goods alongside private interests and values. In the scientific literature the term governance associated with estuaries can either be found as an explanation to the existing problems [2,[34][35][36] or as a source of hope to solve the problems by enabling the improvement of the ways communities and related institutions organize themselves in order to better protect and use estuarine resources and values [21,22,37]. These concerns emerge either associated with particular estuarine challenges, such as fisheries and other estuarine resources [8,15,34], water management [3,35,36,38] or climate change and ecosystem services [2,39], or associated with transversal issues, such as adaptive management, integrated planning and policy approaches [20][21][22][23], co-operative and collaborative governance approaches enabling stakeholder engagement [24,38], or appropriate legal frameworks [35,40,41] able to incorporate estuary values and protection means.…”

“…Despite the development of the country, estuaries require strong governance structures, stakeholder participation, monitoring, and feedback in the adaptive management cycle [47]. Moreover, estuarine institutions are capable of learning how to incorporate uncertainty, innovation, multiple stakeholder perspectives, and priorities [2,46]. It is also evident in the literature that the word "collaboration" has become an essential part of estuary governance for sustainability [24,38] and is seen as the heart of adaptive governance [49,50].…”

“…Estuaries are one of the most productive and complex types of ecosystems where coastal and fluvial waters converge. They provide rich habitats for people, flora, and fauna [1], and support a wide range of economic activities because of their strategic location [2,3]. Irrespective of decades of estuarine studies and subsequent knowledge [4], development approaches continue to put pressure on local resources and cause extensive changes across associated social and ecological systems [2].…”

“…They provide rich habitats for people, flora, and fauna [1], and support a wide range of economic activities because of their strategic location [2,3]. Irrespective of decades of estuarine studies and subsequent knowledge [4], development approaches continue to put pressure on local resources and cause extensive changes across associated social and ecological systems [2]. In addition, overlapping responsibilities and multiple-jurisdictions [5][6][7], spatial-sector conflicts [8], and their complex socio-cultural environment [9] have intensified the complexity of the governance of estuaries.…”