Representation of Maximally Regular Textures in Human Visual Cortex

Kohler, Peter J.; Clarke, Alasdair D. F.; Yakovleva, Alexandra; Liu, Yanxi; Norcia, Anthony M.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2962-15.2016

Cited by 91 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…One possibility is that the objects used in the current study lack the regularity in structure found in the textures generated by Simoncelli and colleagues 40 . Nevertheless, these findings fit with a recent study showing responses to different texture patterns could be differentiated in V3, but not in V2 41 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Differences in selectivity to natural images in early visual areas (V1–V3)

Coggan

Allen

Farrar

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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High-level regions of the ventral visual pathway respond more to intact objects compared to scrambled objects. The aim of this study was to determine if this selectivity for objects emerges at an earlier stage of processing. Visual areas (V1–V3) were defined for each participant using retinotopic mapping. Participants then viewed intact and scrambled images from different object categories (bottle, chair, face, house, shoe) while neural responses were measured using fMRI. Our rationale for using scrambled images is that they contain the same low-level properties as the intact objects, but lack the higher-order combinations of features that are characteristic of natural images. Neural responses were higher for scrambled than intact images in all regions. However, the difference between intact and scrambled images was smaller in V3 compared to V1 and V2. Next, we measured the spatial patterns of response to intact and scrambled images from different object categories. We found higher within-category compared to between category correlations for both intact and scrambled images demonstrating distinct patterns of response. Spatial patterns of response were more distinct for intact compared to scrambled images in V3, but not in V1 or V2. These findings demonstrate the emergence of selectivity to natural images in V3.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Differences in selectivity to natural images in early visual areas (V1–V3)

Coggan

Allen

Farrar

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Conversely, subjective size perception, which involves the earliest stages of cortical visual processing35 and mental rotation, which may involve mid‐level visual processing (eg, V327, were not affected. Until recently, object recognition has not been well studied in PD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Assessing cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: An online tool to detect visuo‐perceptual deficits

et al. 2018

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Background: People with Parkinson's disease (PD) who develop visuo‐perceptual deficits are at higher risk of dementia, but we lack tests that detect subtle visuo‐perceptual deficits and can be performed by untrained personnel. Hallucinations are associated with cognitive impairment and typically involve perception of complex objects. Changes in object perception may therefore be a sensitive marker of visuo‐perceptual deficits in PD. Objective: We developed an online platform to test visuo‐perceptual function. We hypothesised that (1) visuo‐perceptual deficits in PD could be detected using online tests, (2) object perception would be preferentially affected, and (3) these deficits would be caused by changes in perception rather than response bias. Methods: We assessed 91 people with PD and 275 controls. Performance was compared using classical frequentist statistics. We then fitted a hierarchical Bayesian signal detection theory model to a subset of tasks. Results: People with PD were worse than controls at object recognition, showing no deficits in other visuo‐perceptual tests. Specifically, they were worse at identifying skewed images (P < .0001); at detecting hidden objects (P = .0039); at identifying objects in peripheral vision (P < .0001); and at detecting biological motion (P = .0065). In contrast, people with PD were not worse at mental rotation or subjective size perception. Using signal detection modelling, we found this effect was driven by change in perceptual sensitivity rather than response bias. Conclusions: Online tests can detect visuo‐perceptual deficits in people with PD, with object recognition particularly affected. Ultimately, visuo‐perceptual tests may be developed to identify at‐risk patients for clinical trials to slow PD dementia. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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“…Bertamini, Makin, and colleagues posit that the SPN is a fairly obligatory electrophysiological response that reflects the processing of symmetric stimuli, and other research has demonstrated that symmetry is an important feature extracted already early in the visual processing stream [16][17][18][19]. In the research by Jacobsen and Höfel, the posterior sustained negativity appeared to be task-dependent and/or driven by spontaneous processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Posterior Sustained Negativity Revisited—An SPN Reanalysis of Jacobsen and Höfel (2003)

2018

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Symmetry is an important cue for the aesthetic judgment of beauty. Using a binary forced-choice format in a cued mixed design, Jacobsen and Höfel (2003) compared aesthetic judgments of beauty and symmetry judgments of novel graphic patterns. A late posterior sustained negativity elicited by symmetric patterns was observed in the symmetry judgment condition, but not in the beauty judgement condition. Therefore, this negativity appeared to be mainly driven by the task.In a series of studies, Bertamini, Makin, and colleagues observed a comparable sustained posterior negativity (SPN) to symmetric stimuli, mainly taken to reflect obligatory symmetry processing independent of task requirements. We reanalyzed the data by Jacobsen and Höfel (2003) using similar parameters for data analysis as Bertamini, Makin, and colleagues to examine these apparent differences. The reanalysis confirmed both a task-driven effect on the posterior sustained negativity/SPN to symmetric patterns in the symmetry judgment condition and a strong symmetry-driven SPN to symmetric patterns. Differences between the references used for analyses of the electroencephalogram (EEG) had an effect. Based on the reanalysis, the Jacobsen and Höfel (2003) data also fit well with Bertamini's, Makin's, and colleagues' account of obligatory symmetry processing.

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Representation of Maximally Regular Textures in Human Visual Cortex

Cited by 91 publications

References 92 publications

Differences in selectivity to natural images in early visual areas (V1–V3)

Differences in selectivity to natural images in early visual areas (V1–V3)

Assessing cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: An online tool to detect visuo‐perceptual deficits

The Posterior Sustained Negativity Revisited—An SPN Reanalysis of Jacobsen and Höfel (2003)

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