Influence of geology and human activity on the genetic structure and demography of the Oriental fire-bellied toad (Bombina orientalis)

Phylogenetic Systematics of the Water Toad (Bufo stejnegeri) Elucidates the Evolution of Semi-aquatic Toad Ecology and Pleistocene Glacial Refugia

“…Our results push back the timing of the split between Korean Bufo species closer to the age of another Korean frog, Bombina orientalis (14.80 Ma, 6.50-23.52 Ma) and its four subclades across Northeast Asia (mean ages 3.12-9.20 Ma) (Fong et al, 2016). These studies of frog species in Korea point toward the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene as being an important period of diversification.…”

Evolutionary history of the oriental fire‐bellied toad (Bombina orientalis) in Northeast China

“…The Oriental fire-bellied toad is an amphibian widely distributed in Northeast Asia (Fei, 2016). Fong et al (2016) analyzed the genetic structure of the Oriental fire-bellied toad in Northeast Asia. They found that sympatric differentiation happened in populations of northern Korea.…”

Breeding populations of Bombina orientalis Boulenger, 1890 (Amphibia Anura Bombinatoridae) in degraded urban habitat in Vladivostok, Russia

“…3). Two adults were detected at the pond, despite the pol-128 ever common in Primorsky Territory in Russia up to 135º N, and present in small isolated groups in Khabarovsk Territory, up to 136º N. Bombina orientalis is monophyletic within its range, despite local genetic and morphological variations (Kuzmin et al, 2010;Fong et al, 2016), with two morphological forms described in Primorsky Territory, Russia (Korotkov, 1972). The mostly terrestrial variety "sylvatica" is usually associated with forest habitats and never present in open wetlands further than 200 m from the forest border (Kuzmin & Maslova, 2005), while the aquatic variety "praticola" is only recorded in sedge and reed meadows when associated with grasslands (Korotkov, 1972).…”