Abstract:Streptomyces coelicolor is a model actinomycete that is well known for the diversity of its secondary metabolism and its complex life cycle. As a soil inhabitant, it is exposed to heterogeneous and frequently changing environmental circumstances. In the present work, we studied the effect of diverse growth conditions and phosphate depletion on its lipid profile and the relationship between membrane lipid composition and development in S. coelicolor. The lipid profile from cultures grown on solid media, which i… Show more
“…1). These two anionic lipids have been found in S. coelicolor and S. hygroscopicus [14, 21, 32] and may be more widespread in this genus. It is possible that both MLCL and DLCL are derived from CL by partial deacylation, but no phospholipase with this activity has yet been found in bacteria.…”
Section: Phospholipid Biosynthesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is possible that both MLCL and DLCL are derived from CL by partial deacylation, but no phospholipase with this activity has yet been found in bacteria. Both MLCL and DLCL have been found as major components in some growth conditions in S. coelicolor [14], and CL synthase is an essential gene in this same species [13], so perhaps these CL-related molecules are required for some cellular processes in streptomycetes.…”
Section: Phospholipid Biosynthesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Two separate spots corresponding to OL were found in S. hygroscopicus [31]. In the model streptomycete S. coelicolor, OL has also been associated to phosphate starvation and is accumulated during aerial hyphae erection and sporulation [14]. Even considering all those reports, OL was frequently ignored in systematics as a component of streptomycete membranes [30], perhaps due to its apparent absence in some species or to its conditional synthesis associated with phosphorus limitation.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Other Polar Lipidsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3), and it has been corroborated that SCO0921 (OlsB) is required for OL synthesis in S. coelicolor [14]. SCO0920 is predicted to code for OlsA, since it is well conserved, is in an apparent operon with olsB , and the encoded protein has an acyltransferase domain [14]. Homologues to olsB and olsA are widespread in actinomycetes.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Other Polar Lipidsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some phospholipid biosynthesis pathways have been studied in the genus Mycobacterium , where several essential genes involved in phospholipid synthesis have been discovered [11, 12]. Recent research has also discovered essential lipids in Streptomyces [13] and a remarkable variability in the composition of its cytoplasmic membrane [14]. …”
Bacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces are among the most prolific producers of antibiotics. Research on cellular membrane biosynthesis and turnover is lagging behind in Streptomyces compared to related organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While natural products discovery in Streptomyces is evidently a priority in order to discover new antibiotics to combat the increase in antibiotic resistant pathogens, a better understanding of this cellular compartment should provide insights into the interplay between core and secondary metabolism. However, some of the pathways for membrane lipid biosynthesis are still incomplete. In addition, while it has become clear that remodelling of the membrane is necessary for coping with environmental stress and for morphological differentiation, the detailed mechanisms of these adaptations remain elusive. Here, we aim to provide a summary of what is known about the polar lipid composition in Streptomyces, the biosynthetic pathways of polar lipids, and to highlight current gaps in understanding function, dynamics and biosynthesis of these essential molecules.
“…1). These two anionic lipids have been found in S. coelicolor and S. hygroscopicus [14, 21, 32] and may be more widespread in this genus. It is possible that both MLCL and DLCL are derived from CL by partial deacylation, but no phospholipase with this activity has yet been found in bacteria.…”
Section: Phospholipid Biosynthesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is possible that both MLCL and DLCL are derived from CL by partial deacylation, but no phospholipase with this activity has yet been found in bacteria. Both MLCL and DLCL have been found as major components in some growth conditions in S. coelicolor [14], and CL synthase is an essential gene in this same species [13], so perhaps these CL-related molecules are required for some cellular processes in streptomycetes.…”
Section: Phospholipid Biosynthesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Two separate spots corresponding to OL were found in S. hygroscopicus [31]. In the model streptomycete S. coelicolor, OL has also been associated to phosphate starvation and is accumulated during aerial hyphae erection and sporulation [14]. Even considering all those reports, OL was frequently ignored in systematics as a component of streptomycete membranes [30], perhaps due to its apparent absence in some species or to its conditional synthesis associated with phosphorus limitation.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Other Polar Lipidsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3), and it has been corroborated that SCO0921 (OlsB) is required for OL synthesis in S. coelicolor [14]. SCO0920 is predicted to code for OlsA, since it is well conserved, is in an apparent operon with olsB , and the encoded protein has an acyltransferase domain [14]. Homologues to olsB and olsA are widespread in actinomycetes.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Other Polar Lipidsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some phospholipid biosynthesis pathways have been studied in the genus Mycobacterium , where several essential genes involved in phospholipid synthesis have been discovered [11, 12]. Recent research has also discovered essential lipids in Streptomyces [13] and a remarkable variability in the composition of its cytoplasmic membrane [14]. …”
Bacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces are among the most prolific producers of antibiotics. Research on cellular membrane biosynthesis and turnover is lagging behind in Streptomyces compared to related organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While natural products discovery in Streptomyces is evidently a priority in order to discover new antibiotics to combat the increase in antibiotic resistant pathogens, a better understanding of this cellular compartment should provide insights into the interplay between core and secondary metabolism. However, some of the pathways for membrane lipid biosynthesis are still incomplete. In addition, while it has become clear that remodelling of the membrane is necessary for coping with environmental stress and for morphological differentiation, the detailed mechanisms of these adaptations remain elusive. Here, we aim to provide a summary of what is known about the polar lipid composition in Streptomyces, the biosynthetic pathways of polar lipids, and to highlight current gaps in understanding function, dynamics and biosynthesis of these essential molecules.
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