Tracing Jomon and Yayoi ancestries in Japan using ALDH2 and JC virus genotype distributions

Miyamori, Daisuke; Ishikawa, Noboru; Kakiuchi, Yasuhiro; McLean, Stuart; Kitamura, Tadaichi; Ikegaya, Hiroshi

doi:10.1186/s13323-015-0031-1

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We previously analyzed the relationship between JCV genotype and ALDH2 genotype in people who live in mainland Japan. We found that people who carry CY genotype JCV have a higher frequency of ALDH2 mutation than that of people who carry MY genotype JCV (P < 0.05) 16 . This result suggested that the Jomon people initially carried MY genotype JCV and wild-type ALDH2 in the Japanese archipelago and, subsequently, Yayoi people who carried CY genotype JCV and a variant of ALDH2 migrated from the Chinese continent throughout the Korean peninsula.…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The frequency of the ALDH2 variant is 31.9% in the Japanese population 9 . However, among people living in mainland Japan who carry CY genotype JCV, the frequency of the ALDH2 variant is 51.5% 16 . This frequency of the variant allele is much higher than that in the Chinese Guangdong Han (46.7%), and is the highest among Asian populations 9,10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference in the number of ALDH2 variants between mainland Japan and Okinawa was statistically significant (P = 0.027). *From our previous study (Miyamori et al 16 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population history in Okinawa based on JC virus and ALDH2 genotypes

Miyamori

Tanaka

Ishikawa

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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it is widely known that people in okinawa originated from the Jomon people, and are generally tolerant to alcohol. However, some individuals in mainland Japan lack alcohol tolerance due to a mutation in the human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene. Furthermore, the JC virus (JCV) genotype MY, which is related to the Jomon people, has not been found in okinawa. in this study, to analyze the origin of the Okinawan people, we investigated the relationship between the JCV genotype and ALDH2 genotype. We collected 108 JCV positive samples from Okinawa. Only CY genotype JCV, and not the MY genotype, was detected. Among JCV-positive samples, a variant of ALDH2 (Glu/Lys heterozygote) was detected in 31 samples (29%) and wild-type ALDH2 (Glu/Glu homozygote) was detected in 77 samples (71%). Another variant of ALDH2 (Lys/Lys homozygote) was not detected. Among carriers of CY genotype JCV, wild-type ALDH2 was much more frequent in people living in Okinawa than in mainland Japan (P < 0.05). Our results suggested that the original inhabitants of Okinawa were people who carried MY genotype JCV and wild-type ALDH2; and that after the extinction of these original inhabitants, people who carried CY genotype JCV and wild-type ALDH2 migrated to the area. Due to the founder effect, CY genotype JCV and wild-type ALDH2 became dominant. over a long period, many people with the variant ALDH2 migrated to okinawa; the variant allele increased in frequency, but other JCV genotypes were eliminated.

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confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population history in Okinawa based on JC virus and ALDH2 genotypes

Miyamori

Tanaka

Ishikawa

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…This is known as the "dual structure hypothesis" which was formulated by Hanihara Kazurō 埴原和郎 (Hanihara 1991). The Jōmon people were a hunter-gatherer society that occupied the Japanese islands until extensive immigration occurred from the Korean Peninsula, giving rise to the ensuing Yayoi culture that introduced wet rice agriculture, iron tools, and other technologies during the first millennium BCE (Takahashi 2009;Iizuka and Nakahashi 2012;Miyamori et al 2015).…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Origins of the Japanese Language

Elmer¹

2019

Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies

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In this article, I deal with the historical development of the Japanese language by applying a multi-disciplinary approach that uses data from a variety of fields. My research indicates that the home-land of the Japonic language family may have been in the lower Yangtze River Valley, from where its speakers moved to the Korean Peninsula and eventually to Japan during the Yayoi period. This spread is associated with the dispersal of wet rice agriculture from the area south of the Yangtze River via the northeastern Asian mainland, where it was in contact with cultures cultivating millet. Old Japanese mythology and genealogical data suggests that the earliest known ethnic group that spoke Japonic may have been the Hayato people of southern Kyūshū.1

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“…DNA viruses commonly establish persisting infections in humans, remaining thus, their genetic material imprinted in the tissues throughout life. These DNAs exhibit phylogeographies resembling those of humans [1], pointing to shared evolutionary and dispersal paths that can, together, add to the understanding of human population history and migrations [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In addition, the specific geographical distributions of DNA viruses, in both global [2,9] and local [10][11][12] scales, may provide new insights into the origins of unidentified individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The landscape of persistent human DNA viruses in femoral bone

Toppinen

Pratas

Väisänen

et al. 2020

Forensic Science International: Genetics

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The imprints left by persistent DNA viruses in the tissues can testify to the changes driving virus evolution as well as provide clues on the provenance of modern and ancient humans. However, the history hidden in skeletal remains is practically unknown, as only parvovirus B19 and hepatitis B virus DNA have been detected in hard tissues so far. Here, we investigated the DNA prevalences of 38 viruses in femoral bone of recently deceased individuals. To this end, we used quantitative PCRs and a custom viral targeted enrichment followed by next-generation sequencing. The data was analyzed with a tailor-made bioinformatics pipeline. Our findings revealed bone to be a much richer source of persistent DNA viruses than earlier perceived, discovering ten additional ones, including several members of the herpes-and polyomavirus families, as well as human papillomavirus 31 and torque teno virus. Remarkably, many of the viruses found have oncogenic potential and/or are likely to reactivate in the elderly and immunosuppressed individuals. Thus, their persistence warrants careful evaluation of their clinical significance and impact on bone biology. Our findings open new frontiers for the study of virus evolution from ancient relics as well as provide new tools for the investigation of human skeletal remains in forensic and archeological contexts.

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Tracing Jomon and Yayoi ancestries in Japan using ALDH2 and JC virus genotype distributions

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Population history in Okinawa based on JC virus and ALDH2 genotypes

Population history in Okinawa based on JC virus and ALDH2 genotypes

On the Origins of the Japanese Language

The landscape of persistent human DNA viruses in femoral bone

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