MicroRNA-34a Negatively Regulates Efferocytosis by Tissue Macrophages in Part via SIRT1

Abstract

Apoptotic cell (AC) clearance (“efferocytosis”) is an evolutionarily conserved process essential for immune health, particularly to maintain self-tolerance. Despite identification of many recognition receptors and intracellular signaling components of efferocytosis, its negative regulation remains incompletely understood, and has not previously been known to involve microRNAs (miRs). Here we show that miR-34a (gene ID 407040), well-recognized as a p53-dependent tumor suppressor, mediates coordinated negative regulation of efferocytosis by resident murine and human tissue macrophages (Mø). miR-34a expression varied greatly between Mø from different tissues, correlating inversely with their capacity for AC uptake. Transient or genetic knockdown of miR-34a increased efferocytosis, whereas miR-34a over-expression decreased efferocytosis, without altering recognition of live, necrotic or Ig-opsonized cells. The inhibitory effect of miR-34a was mediated both by reduced expression of Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase known to recognize AC, and of the deacetylase SIRT1, which had not previously been linked to efferocytosis by tissue Mø. Exposure to AC down-regulated Mø miR-34a expression, resulting in a positive feedback loop that increased subsequent capacity to engulf AC. These findings demonstrate that miR-34a both specifically regulates and is regulated by efferocytosis. Given the ability of efferocytosis to polarize ingesting Mø uniquely and to reduce their host-defense functions, dynamic negative regulation by miR-34a provides one means of fine-tuning Mø behavior towards AC in specific tissue environments with differing potentials for microbial exposure.

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