Paulinella longichromatophora sp. nov., a New Marine Photosynthetic Testate Amoeba Containing a Chromatophore

Kim, Sun-Ju; Park, Myung Gil

doi:10.1016/j.protis.2015.11.003

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…P. chromatophora harbours two chromatophores, one of which is transmitted to the daughter cell after cytokinesis when both mother and daughter cell are basically monoplastidic (Nomura et al, 2014;Nowack, 2014). This mode of inheritance also applies to its relative, P. longichromatophora (Kim and Park, 2016). What applies to all monoplastidic cells also applies to Paulinella: the presence of only one chromatophore would significantly reduce the chances of successful EGTs occurring, trapping Paulinella in endosymbiont evolution early on.…”

Section: The Ancestral Peptidoglycan Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

The monoplastidic bottleneck in algae and plant evolution

Vries

Gould

2018

Journal of Cell Science

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Plastids in plants and algae evolved from the endosymbiotic integration of a cyanobacterium by a heterotrophic eukaryote. New plastids can only emerge through fission; thus, the synchronization of bacterial division with the cell cycle of the eukaryotic host was vital to the origin of phototrophic eukaryotes. Most of the sampled algae house a single plastid per cell and basal-branching relatives of polyplastidic lineages are all monoplastidic, as are some non-vascular plants during certain stages of their life cycle. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular components necessary for plastid division, including those of the peptidoglycan wall (of which remnants were recently identified in moss), in a wide range of phototrophic eukaryotes. Our comparison of the phenotype of 131 species harbouring plastids of either primary or secondary origin uncovers that one prerequisite for an algae or plant to house multiple plastids per nucleus appears to be the loss of the bacterial genes and from the plastid genome. The presence of a single plastid whose division is coupled to host cytokinesis was a prerequisite of plastid emergence. An escape from such a monoplastidic bottleneck succeeded rarely and appears to be coupled to the evolution of additional layers of control over plastid division and a complex morphology. The existence of a quality control checkpoint of plastid transmission remains to be demonstrated and is tied to understanding the monoplastidic bottleneck.

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Section: The Ancestral Peptidoglycan Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

The monoplastidic bottleneck in algae and plant evolution

Vries

Gould

2018

Journal of Cell Science

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“…3). In the most recent event, rhizarian amoebae of the genus Paulinella acquired photosynthesis via endosymbiosis of a Cyanobium or Synechococcus strain [30,31]. Genome sequencing for one such organism, Paulinella chromatophora, did not detect phytochrome sequences (Fig.…”

Section: Loss and Retention Of Phytochrome In Photosynthetic Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochrome diversification in cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae

Rockwell

Lagarias

2017

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

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Phytochromes control almost every aspect of plant biology, including germination, growth, development, and flowering, in response to red and far-red light. These photoreceptors thus hold considerable promise for engineering crop plant responses to light. Recently, structural research has shed new light on how phytochromes work. Genomic and transcriptomic studies have improved our understanding of phytochrome loss, retention, and diversification during evolution. We are also beginning to understand phytochrome function in cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae.

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“…That suggests the change of the habitat and consequently the change of the prey supply to be the cause behind the chromatophores’ establishment. Interestingly, another photosynthetic Paulinella ( P. longichromatophora ) has recently been discovered in marine sand flats on the western coast of Korea (Kim and Park 2016). This species groups significantly with the two other photosynthetic Paulinella on both nuclear and chromatophore rDNA trees indicating a single acquisition of a cyanobacterium by their ancestor.…”

Section: The Case Of Paulinella Chromatophoramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the two freshwater Paulinella are not monophyletic because Paulinella FK01 is closer related to the marine P. longichromatophora than to the CCAC 0185 strain. It seems that P. longichromatophora returned secondarily to the sea if we assume that the ancestor of the three amoebas lived in freshwater (Kim and Park 2016). …”

Section: The Case Of Paulinella Chromatophoramentioning

confidence: 99%

Cymbomonas tetramitiformis - a peculiar prasinophyte with a taste for bacteria sheds light on plastid evolution

Gagat

Mackiewicz

2016

Symbiosis

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Cymbomonas tetramitiformis is a peculiar green alga that unites in one cell the abilities of photosynthesis and phagocytosis, which makes it a very useful model for the study of the evolution of plastid endosymbiosis. We have pondered over this issue and propose an evolutionary scenario of trophic strategies in eukaryotes, including primary and secondary plastid endosymbioses. C. tetramitiformis is a prototroph, just like the common ancestor of Archaeplastida was, and can synthesize most small organic molecules contrary to other eukaryotic phagotrophs, e.g. some metazoans, amoebozoans, and ciliates, which have not evolved tight endosymbiotic relationships. In order to establish a permanent photosynthetic endosymbiont they do not have to become prototrophs, but have to acquire the genes necessary for plastid retention via horizontal (including endosymbiotic) gene transfer. Such processes occurred successfully in the ancestors of eukaryotes with permanent secondary plastids and thus led to their great diversification. The preservation of phagocytosis in Cymbomonas (and some other prasinophytes as well) seems to result from nutrient deficiency in their oligotrophic habitats. This forces them to supplement their diet with phagocytized prey, in contrasts to the thecate amoeba Paulinella chromatophora, which also successfully transformed cyanobacteria into permanent organelles. Although Paulinella endosymbionts were acquired very recently in comparison to primary plastids, Paulinella has lost the ability to phagocytose, most probably due to the fact that it inhabits nutrient-rich environments, which renders the phagotrophy nonessential.

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Paulinella longichromatophora sp. nov., a New Marine Photosynthetic Testate Amoeba Containing a Chromatophore

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

The monoplastidic bottleneck in algae and plant evolution

The monoplastidic bottleneck in algae and plant evolution

Phytochrome diversification in cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae

Cymbomonas tetramitiformis - a peculiar prasinophyte with a taste for bacteria sheds light on plastid evolution

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