National climate policies across Europe and their impacts on cities strategies

Heidrich, Oliver; Reckien, Diana; Olazabal, Marta; Foley, Aoife; Salvia, Monica; Hurtado, Sonia De Gregorio; Orru, Hans; Flacke, Johannes; Geneletti, Davide; Pietrapertosa, Filomena; Hamann, Julie; Tiwary, Abhishek; Feliú, Efrén; Dawson, RJ

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.043

Cited by 145 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Academic literature is lacking "real-life" auditable cost information on adaptation measures (Heidrich et al, 2013) which can be of use to international, national, and local decision makers. Indeed, providing an order of magnitude and reducing uncertainties on the protection costs can remove potential barriers in designing and implementing adaptation strategies (Reckien et al, 2015;Heidrich et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of sea dikes – regressions and uncertainty estimates

Lenk

Rybski

Heidrich

et al. 2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Failure to consider the costs of adaptation strategies can be seen by decision makers as a barrier to implementing coastal protection measures. In order to validate adaptation strategies to sea-level rise in the form of coastal protection, a consistent and repeatable assessment of the costs is necessary. This paper significantly extends current knowledge on cost estimates by developing -and implementing using real coastal dike data -probabilistic functions of dike costs. Data from Canada and the Netherlands are analysed and related to published studies from the US, UK, and Vietnam in order to provide a reproducible estimate of typical sea dike costs and their uncertainty. We plot the costs divided by dike length as a function of height and test four different regression models. Our analysis shows that a linear function without intercept is sufficient to model the costs, i.e. fixed costs and higher-order contributions such as that due to the volume of core fill material are less significant. We also characterise the spread around the regression models which represents an uncertainty stemming from factors beyond dike length and height. Drawing an analogy with project cost overruns, we employ log-normal distributions and calculate that the range between 3x and x/3 contains 95 % of the data, where x represents the corresponding regression value. We compare our estimates with previously published unit costs for other countries. We note that the unit costs depend not only on the country and land use (urban/non-urban) of the sites where the dikes are being constructed but also on characteristics included in the costs, e.g. property acquisition, utility relocation, and project management. This paper gives decision makers an order of magnitude on the protection costs, which can help to remove potential barriers to developing adaptation strategies. Although the focus of this research is sea dikes, our approach is applicable and transferable to other adaptation measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of sea dikes – regressions and uncertainty estimates

Lenk

Rybski

Heidrich

et al. 2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Interviewees and participants expressed the need for the reports to be broken down into specific messages each local authority can use to help inform their decision-making on local transformations to a low-carbon economy while acknowledging the limits of this should inadequate or insufficient resources be available (Porter et al, 2015;Heidrich et al, 2016). On occasion, the way in which the IPCC frames climate change as a global issue can lead it at times to be dismissed at the local level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the science–policy interface on climate change: The role of the IPCC in informing local decision-making in the UK

Howarth

Painter

2016

Palgrave Commun

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Building on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) review of how to make its Assessment Reports (ARs) more accessible in the future, the research reported here assesses the extent to which the ARs are a useful tool through which scientific advice informs local decision-making on climate change in the United Kingdom. Results from interviews with local policy representatives and three workshops with UK academics, practitioners and local decision makers are presented. Drawing on these data, we outline three key recommendations made by participants on how the IPCC ARs can be better utilized as a form of scientific advice to inform local decision-making on climate change. First, to provide more succinct summaries of the reports paying close attention to the language, content, clarity, context and length of these summaries; second, to better target and frame the reports from a local perspective to maximize engagement with local stakeholders; and third, to work with local decision makers to better understand how scientific advice on climate change is being incorporated in local decision-making. By adopting these, the IPCC would facilitate local decision-making on climate change and provide a systematic review of how its reports are being used locally. We discuss implications of these recommendations and their relevance to the wider debate within and outside the IPCC as to the most effective way the IPCC can more effectively tailor its products to user needs without endangering the robustness of its scientific findings. This article is published as part of a collection on scientific advice to governments.

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“…Finally Action refers to the availability of social, economic and institutional resources that allow the implementation of adaptation actions. Our research utilised the terms Economic Resources and Institutions as determinants adapted from other research (EEA 2012;Greiving 2011;Juhola et al 2012).…”

Section: Aggregation Of Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acosta et al (2013) provided European assessments, constructing an index based on three components: awareness, ability and action, as part of wider European climate-change vulnerability assessment (Metzger et al 2008). This method was subsequently used in others studies (Greiving 2011;Juhola et al 2012). It has also been adapted for cities (EEA 2012;Swart et al 2012), an arena where there is a strong demand for suitable methods of analysing urban AC (Schauser et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%