The vestibular system

Lopez, Christophe

doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000286

Cited by 104 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…This assertion rests strongly on the twin findings that (i) peripheral vestibular dysfunction is associated with atrophy within hippocampal head position and place cells, and (ii) deficits in spatial memory and navigation are common in vestibular patients (Dieterich & Brandt, 2008;Kremmyda et al, 2016;Ventre-Dominey, 2014;Yoder & Taube, 2009). Another line of evidence shows that artificial stimulation of the vestibular labyrinth via thermal or electric current can improve a variety of perceptual and memory behaviours following neurological disease (e.g., Wilkinson, Podlewska, & Sakel, 2016;Wilkinson, Zubko, DeGutis, Milberg, & Potter, 2010), an effect that is consistent with the broad peri-sylvian activity observed during stimulation (see Lopez, 2016).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…As indicated by the sea-and cybersickness that can occur during vestibular-visual mismatch, predictability, and congruence with other sensory inputs are probably more important than the spatial properties of the movement vector itself. But given the dense connections between vestibular brainstem nuclei and vestibular parieto-insular cortex with autonomic, interoceptive, and limbic centres (see Lopez, 2016), the possible means of influence are many and varied. Such complexity highlights the pressing need for an overarching conceptual framework within which to explore vestibular cross-modal interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short‐term memory impairment in vestibular patients can arise independently of psychiatric impairment, fatigue, and sleeplessness

Smith

Wilkinson

Bodani

et al. 2018

Journal of Neuropsychology

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Vestibular dysfunction is associated with visual short-term memory impairment; however, it remains unclear if this impairment arises as a direct result of the vestibular dysfunction or is a consequence of comorbid changes in mood, affect, fatigue, and/or sleep. To this end, we assessed the concurrence and interdependence of these comorbidities in 101 individuals recruited from a tertiary balance clinic with a neuro-otological diagnosis. Over fifty per cent of the sample showed reduced visuospatial short-term memory, 60% and 37% exceeded cut-off on the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories, respectively, 70% exceeded cut-off on the Fatigue Severity Scale, 44% reported daytime sleepiness on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and 78% scored above cut-off on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The high concurrence of these symptoms gives reason to infer the existence of a vestibular cognitive affective syndrome. Structural equation modelling indicated that the significant statistical association between general unassisted posture (a marker of chronic vestibular dysfunction and strong predictor of falls risk) and short-term memory was not mediated by mood and wakefulness. Instead, the memory impairment related more directly to vestibular dysfunction. From a rehabilitation perspective, the implication is that if the vestibular disorder is treated successfully then the memory problem will likewise improve.

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term memory impairment in vestibular patients can arise independently of psychiatric impairment, fatigue, and sleeplessness

Smith

Wilkinson

Bodani

et al. 2018

Journal of Neuropsychology

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“…Further, CVS appears to effect body schema and perception (Lopez et al, 2012; Schonherr and May, 2016). Taken together, vestibular stimulation modulates space, body and self-awareness, and somatosensory and emotional processing, highlighting the fundamental contribution of the vestibular system to self-body integration and promoting an egocentric frame of reference (Lopez, 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future studies should consider other methods of vestibular stimulation, such as galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) (Lopez, 2016), including subliminal (subsensory) GVS, which reportedly does not produce nystagmus or vertigo (Oppenlander et al, 2015), or air caloric vestibular stimulation (Zapala et al, 2008), to determine if results are replicable across treatment approaches. Future studies should also employ multisession designs (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular stimulation improves insight into illness in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Gerretsen

Pothier

Falls

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

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Impaired insight into illness (IMP-INS) is common among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), contributing to medication nonadherence and poor clinical outcomes. Caloric vestibular simulation (CVS) is typically used to assess peripheral vestibular system function. Left cold CVS is also a transiently effective treatment for IMP-INS and hemineglect secondary to right brain hemisphere stroke, and possibly for IMP-INS and mood stabilization in patients with SSD. Participants with SSD and moderate-to-severe IMP-INS participated in an exploratory double blind, crossover, randomized controlled study of the effects of CVS on IMP-INS. Participants sequentially received all experimental conditions—left cold (4°C), right cold, and body temperature/sham CVS—in a random order. Repeated measures ANOVA were performed to compare changes in IMP-INS, mood and positive symptom severity pre and 30 min post CVS. A significant interaction was found between CVS condition, time, and body temperature nystagmus peak slow phase velocity (PSPV) for IMP-INS, indicating that single session left cold CVS transiently improved IMP-INS while right cold CVS may have worsened IMP-INS, particularly in participants with greater vestibular reactivity (i.e. higher PSPV) to body temperature CVS. The procedure’s effectiveness is attributed to stimulation of underactive right hemisphere circuits via vestibular nuclei projections to the contralateral hemisphere.

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“…[15–17]). First, neurological patients reporting out-of-body experiences often experience concomitant vestibular illusions, such as sensations of floating and elevation of the self [7,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anchoring the Self to the Body in Bilateral Vestibular Failure

Deroualle

Toupet²,

Nechel

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Recent findings suggest that vestibular information plays a significant role in anchoring the self to the body. Out-of-body experiences of neurological origin are frequently associated with vestibular sensations, and galvanic vestibular stimulation in healthy participants anchors the self to the body. Here, we provide the first objective measures of anchoring the self to the body in chronic bilateral vestibular failure (BVF). We compared 23 patients with idiopathic BVF to 23 healthy participants in a series of experiments addressing several aspects of visuo-spatial perspective taking and embodiment. In Experiment 1, participants were involved in a virtual “dot-counting task” from their own perspective or the perspective of a distant avatar, to measure implicit and explicit perspective taking, respectively. In both groups, response times increased similarly when the avatar’s and participant’s viewpoint differed, for both implicit and explicit perspective taking. In Experiment 2, participants named ambiguous letters (such as “b” or “q”) traced on their forehead that could be perceived from an internal or external perspective. The frequency of perceiving ambiguous letters from an internal perspective was similar in both groups. In Experiment 3, participants completed a questionnaire measuring the experienced self/body and self/environment “closeness”. Both groups reported a similar embodied experience. Altogether, our data show that idiopathic BVF does not change implicit and explicit perspective taking nor subjective anchoring of the self to the body. Our negative findings offer insight into the multisensory mechanisms of embodiment. Only acute peripheral vestibular disorders and neurological disorders in vestibular brain areas (characterized by strong multisensory conflicts) may evoke disembodied experiences.

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The vestibular system

Cited by 104 publications

References 118 publications

Short‐term memory impairment in vestibular patients can arise independently of psychiatric impairment, fatigue, and sleeplessness

Short‐term memory impairment in vestibular patients can arise independently of psychiatric impairment, fatigue, and sleeplessness

Vestibular stimulation improves insight into illness in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Anchoring the Self to the Body in Bilateral Vestibular Failure

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