Bipolar membrane electrodialysis for generation of hydrochloric acid and ammonia from simulated ammonium chloride wastewater

Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives

“…Phosphogypsum (CaSO 4 ) by-product from phosphoric acid production can be converted by NaOH into Ca(OH) 2 and Na 2 SO 4 , thus splitting the salt into base and sulphuric acid via BMED [ 273 ]. Other applications were proposed to convert NH 4 Cl into HCl and NH 3 [ 274 , 275 ], NH 4 HCO 3 into NH 3 and CO 2 [ 276 ], Na 3 PO 4 into H 3 PO 4 and NaOH [ 277 ], NaBr into HBr and NaOH [ 278 , 279 ], Na 2 SO 4 /(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 into H 2 SO 4 and NaOH/NH 3 [ 280 ], NaCl/KCl into HCl and NaOH/KOH [ 281 ], boron into boric acid [ 282 , 283 , 284 ].…”

Fractional Factorial Design Application for the Determination of Affecting Parameters on the Generation of KOH and HCl From Simulated Wastewater Solution By Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis Abstract

“…Additionally, water electricity penetration in the KCl compartment can be responsible for the time dependent decrease in acid and base production. Migration of water ions (H + and OH -) from feed tank under electrical field leads to an increase in volume or decrease in concentrations of acid and base tanks (Li et al, 2016).…”

Rapid spray-crosslinked assembly of a stable high-performance polyelectrolyte bipolar membrane

“…Deposition condition CM-ZHJ A commercial cation-exchange membrane CM-ZHJ-PVA Spraying 3% PVA twice on CM-ZHJ PEI/CM-ZHJ Spraying 3% PVA twice, 3% GA three times, followed by 5% PEI three times (PEI-CYC/CM-ZHJ) 1 Spraying 3% PVA twice, 5% PEI and 3% GA alternately one cycle (PEI-CYC/CM-ZHJ) 3 Spraying 3% PVA twice, and then 5% PEI and 3% GA alternately three cycle (PEI-CYC/CM-ZHJ) 5 Spraying 3% PVA twice, and then 5% PEI and 3% GA alternately ve cycle the CM-ZHJ membrane (Fig. 5c).…”

“…1,2 Making use of the feather, BPM and other AMs and CMs can be used in combination in electrodialysis, which is widely applied in acid and alkali production, pollutant control, and resource recovery, as well as in marine, chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. [3][4][5][6][7] Protons and hydroxide ions in the interlayers of the anion-and cation-exchanger layers of a BPM can migrate to the solution. A BPM must possess high rates of water dissociation, high permselectivity, and good mechanical stability.…”