Effects of a low-center-of-gravity backpack on the trunk stability of mountaineers while ascending and descending

Yoo, Won-gyu

doi:10.1589/jpts.27.3259

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Having a lower center of mass (COM) is another outcome of a relatively wider pelvis, and women have been shown to have a larger percentage of their muscle mass in their lower limbs (than their upper limbs; Wall-Scheffler & Myers, 2017 ), thus lowering their COM (first principles) and stabilising their loaded gait to a greater extent than men (Donelan et al, 2004 ; Kuo, 1999 ; Woo, 2015 ). A lower COM increases stability because the lower COM requires a higher change in direction to move a body outside of its base of support; in other words, it is more challenging to topple over when pushed or when standing on only a single limb if you have a lower COM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women carry for less: body size, pelvis width, loading position and energetics

Wall-Scheffler

2022

Evolut. Hum. Sci.

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The energetic cost of walking varies with mass and speed; however, the metabolic cost of carrying loads has not consistently increased proportionally to the mass carried. The cost of carrying mass, and the speed at which human walkers carry this mass, has been shown to vary with load position and load description (e.g. child versus groceries). Additionally, the preponderance of women carriers around the world, and the tendency for certain kinds of population-level sexual dimorphism has led to the hypothesis that women might be more effective carriers than men. Here, I investigate the energetic cost and speed changes of women (N=9) and men (N=6) walking through the woods carrying their own babies (mean baby mass=10.6kg) in three different positions—on their front, side, and back using the same Ergo fabric baby sling. People carrying their babies on their backs are able to maintain their unloaded walking speed (1.4m/s), and show the lowest increase in metabolic cost per distance (Joules/meter, 17.4%). Women carry the babies for a lower energetic cost than men at all conditions (p<0.01). Further energetic and kinematic evidence elucidates the preponderance of back-carrying cross-culturally, and illustrates the importance of relatively wider bi-trochanteric breadths for reducing energetic costs of carrying.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women carry for less: body size, pelvis width, loading position and energetics

Wall-Scheffler

2022

Evolut. Hum. Sci.

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“…On the other hand, the added steel beams increased the weight of the bottom part of the pylons, and thus the center of gravity of the pylons was lowered [33]. According to the geometric parameters of the bases of the pylons and the technical parameters of the steel beams, it was estimated that the center of gravity of the pylons had been reduced by about 12-22% in height, and this would make the pylons more resistant to overturning [34]. The schematic diagram of the reinforced bases is shown in Figure 11.…”

Section: Reinforcement Scheme On Ground Surface For Pylonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Combined Mining Scheme for Coal Resources under High-Voltage Pylons and the Reinforcement for Pylons

Zhang

et al. 2022

Energies

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The increasing use of high-voltage transmission wires requires more and more high-voltage pylons, and sometimes, constructing pylons in mining areas is very urgent. To ensure the safe operation of pylons, coal pillars with large side lengths are usually used to provide sufficient support; however, this results in a huge waste of coal. Eight high-voltage pylons are arranged on the ground surface corresponding to the location of working face 1110 of Sima Coal Mine in Shanxi Province, China, which cannot be mined by traditional methods. Taking this as the engineering background, the failure mode of high-voltage pylon is first analyzed. Using FLAC3D numerical simulations, the influence of five different mining plans on ground surface deformation in working face 1110 is evaluated, and the vertical settlement and horizontal deformation in different areas of the ground surface, as well as the variation law of horizontal strain and slope are analyzed. According to the numerical simulation results, the range of thickness-limiting mining or backfill mining in working face 1110 is shown in scheme 3, and the key regions in the mining process are determined. Secondly, the strengthening scheme of high-voltage pylons is designed, that is, the four foundations of high-voltage pylons are connected as a whole with steel supports and steel connectors so as to improve the structural strength of the high-voltage pylon. Finally, the position change in the foundation of high-voltage pylons was monitored for 22 consecutive months. The results show that the maximum settlement of the high-voltage tower foundation is 3.1 m, which is consistent with the actual mining thickness; The high-voltage pylon was stably moved, and the change in transmission line tension and total length was usually less than 1.0%. The combined mining scheme and foundation strengthening scheme can ensure the safe operation of high-voltage pylons and provide a new method for the stability control of ground buildings in coal mining subsidence area.

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“…The gait analysis system using the accelerometer is lightweight and portable, has no spatial limitations, and facilitates the analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of walking. Studies analyzed the change in acceleration at the center of gravity with and without back pain [14]. Another study measured the acceleration in the fibular heads of hemiplegic patients and compared the acceleration at the paralyzed and non-paralyzed sides using the Brunnstrom stage, which measures the recovery phase of the arm [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Hemiplegic Walking Using a Wearable Inertia Sensing Device

Lee

Park

Shin

2018

Sensors

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Hemiplegia is a symptom that is caused by reduced sensory and motor ability on one side of the body due to stroke-related neural defects. Muscular weakness and abnormal sensation that is induced by hemiplegia usually lead to motor impairments, such as difficulty in controlling the trunk, unstable balance, and poor walking ability. Therefore, most hemiplegia patients show defective and asymmetric gait pattern. The purpose of this study is to distinguish hemiplegic gait by extracting simple characteristics of acceleration signals that are caused by asymmetry during walking using a wearable system. The devised wearable system was equipped with a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope. We selected 165 candidate features without step detection. A random forest algorithm was used for the classification, and the forward search algorithm was also used for optimal feature selection. The developed system and algorithms were verified clinically in 15 normal subjects and 20 hemiplegia patients that were undergoing stroke treatment, and 26 subject’s data was used for training, including validation, and nine subject’s data used for test. As a result of test set, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were 100.0%, with the two classification attributes of standard deviation of points perpendicular to the axis of line of identity of Poincaré plot of angular velocity around vertical axis and kurtosis of frequency of angular velocity around longitudinal axis.

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Effects of a low-center-of-gravity backpack on the trunk stability of mountaineers while ascending and descending

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Women carry for less: body size, pelvis width, loading position and energetics

Women carry for less: body size, pelvis width, loading position and energetics

Study on the Combined Mining Scheme for Coal Resources under High-Voltage Pylons and the Reinforcement for Pylons

Detection of Hemiplegic Walking Using a Wearable Inertia Sensing Device

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