Long-lasting concentrations of cefovecin after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration to Patagonian sea lions (Otaria flavescens)

García-Párraga, Daniel; Gilabert, J.; Álvaro, T.; Ros-Rodríguez, J.M.; Valls, M.; Encinas, T.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.09.015

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…high-performance liquid chromatography; koalas; marsupials; plasma protein binding Abbreviations AEC, Animal Ethics Committee; C max , maximum plasma concentration; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; IS, internal standard; LLOD, lowest limit of detection; LLOQ, lowest limit of quantification; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; PK, pharmacokinetic(s); PPB, plasma protein binding; psi, pounds per square inch; QC, quality control; TPP, total plasma protein; Vd ss , volume of distribution at steady state Aust Vet J 2019;97:75-80 doi: 10.1111/avj.12785 C efovecin is a semi-synthetic, third-generation cephalosporin with a broad-spectrum of activity against some grampositive and gram-negative bacteria (both aerobic and anaerobic). 1 It was first registered in Australia in 2007, 2 as an aqueous solution for administration as a subcutaneous injection to treat skin and urinary tract infections in the cat and dog.…”

Section: Abstract Cephalosporin;mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro binding of cefovecin to plasma proteins in Australian marsupials and plasma concentrations of cefovecin following single subcutaneous administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

2019

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Background Cefovecin has a long duration of antibiotic activity in cats and dogs, somewhat attributable to its high plasma protein binding. Aims To determine the cefovecin binding to plasma proteins in vitro in selected Australian marsupials and to quantify the change in cetovecin concentration over time following subcutaneous injection in koalas. Methods and results Various cefovecin concentrations were incubated with plasma and quantified using HPLC. The median (range) bound percentages when 10 μg/mL of cefovecin was incubated with plasma were 11.1 (4.1–20.4) in the plasma of the Tasmanian devil, 12.7 (5.8–17.3) in the koala, 18.9 (14.6–38.0) in the eastern grey kangaroo, 16.9 (15.7–30.2) in the common brush‐tailed possum, 37.6 (25.3–42.3) in the eastern ring‐tailed possum and 36.4 (35.0–38.3) in the red kangaroo, suggesting that cefovecin may have a shorter duration of action in these species than in cats and dogs. Cefovecin binding to plasma proteins in thawed, frozen equine plasma was also undertaken for assay quality control and the median (range) plasma protein binding (at 10 μg/mL) was 95.6% (94.9–96.6%). Cefovecin was also administered to six koalas at 8 mg/kg subcutaneously and serial blood samples were collected at 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 h thereafter. Cefovecin plasma concentrations were not quantifiable in four koalas and in the other two, the mean plasma concentration at t = 3 h was 1.04 ± 0.01 μg/mL. Conclusion Because of the limited pharmacokinetic data generated, no further pharmacokinetic analysis was performed; however, a single injected bolus of cefovecin is likely to have a short duration of action in koalas (hours, rather than days).

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Section: Abstract Cephalosporin;mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro binding of cefovecin to plasma proteins in Australian marsupials and plasma concentrations of cefovecin following single subcutaneous administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

2019

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“…Because of the long duration of plasma concentrations, cefovecin is an appealing therapeutic option for exotic species housed in zoo collections, with the potential to minimize repeated handling, injection, and anesthetic events, and circumvent non‐compliance in food‐averse patients (Bertelsen et al, 2010). However, its properties and efficacy can vary widely with taxon, necessitating rigorous evaluation in the target species to demonstrate its effectiveness and justify its use (García‐Párraga et al, 2016; Lee et al, 2016; Nardini et al, 2014; Steeil et al, 2014; Sypniewski et al, 2017; Thuesen et al, 2009). Cefovecin use has been reported in a variety of non‐domestic felids—including caracals, tigers, lions, an ocelot, lynx, and bobcats—with minimal to no adverse effects reported (Bertelsen et al, 2010; DeFrancisco & Stern, 2013; Devesa‐Garcia et al, 2016; Marti et al, 2019; Mejia‐Fava et al, 2015; Sadler et al, 2016; Schrader et al, 2012; Silva et al, 2013; Steeil et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cefovecin pharmacokinetics after single‐dose intramuscular administration in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

Papich

Torres³

et al. 2021

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Cefovecin is a third‐generation cephalosporin with potential value for use in exotic felids due to its long duration of action. A sparse sampling protocol was implemented with 18 zoo‐housed cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cefovecin (Convenia®) after a single 8 mg/kg intramuscular injection. Blood was collected serially for 15 days following administration, and plasma cefovecin concentrations were determined using high‐pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using population pharmacokinetic methods and non‐linear mixed effects modeling (NLME). Cefovecin was well tolerated by all cats, with no adverse effects observed. Peak plasma cefovecin concentration was 84.75 µg/ml, with a mean residence time of 207.9 h and an elimination half‐life of 144.1 h (6.00 days). Plasma concentrations of cefovecin were maintained >7 µg/ml in all individuals for the entire study duration (15 days). These concentrations are lower, and the half‐life slightly shorter, than the values reported for domestic cats. Cefovecin was highly protein‐bound (approximately 99.9%) in cheetah plasma, which is nearly identical to domestic cats. These results indicate that cefovecin is potentially useful as a long‐acting antibiotic in cheetahs.

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Outside the Box: Working With Wildlife in Biocontainment

Falendysz¹,

Calhoun²,

Smith³

et al. 2020

ILAR Journal

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Research with captive wildlife in Animal Biosafety Level 2 (ABSL2) and 3 (ABSL3) facilities is becoming increasingly necessary as emerging and re-emerging diseases involving wildlife have increasing impacts on human, animal, and environmental health. Utilizing wildlife species in a research facility often requires outside the box thinking with specialized knowledge, practices, facilities, and equipment. The USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) houses an ABSL3 facility dedicated to understanding wildlife diseases and developing tools to mitigate their impacts on animal and human health. This review presents considerations for utilizing captive wildlife for infectious disease studies, including, husbandry, animal welfare, veterinary care, and biosafety. Examples are drawn from primary literature review and collective 40-year experience of the NWHC. Working with wildlife in ABSL2 and ABSL3 facilities differs from laboratory animals in that typical laboratory housing systems, husbandry practices, and biosafety practices are not designed for work with wildlife. This requires thoughtful adaptation of standard equipment and practices, invention of customized solutions and development of appropriate enrichment plans using the natural history of the species and the microbiological characteristics of introduced and native pathogens. Ultimately, this task requires critical risk assessment, understanding of the physical and psychological needs of diverse species, creativity, innovation, and flexibility. Finally, continual reassessment and improvement are imperative in this constantly changing specialty area of infectious disease and environmental hazard research.

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Long-lasting concentrations of cefovecin after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration to Patagonian sea lions (Otaria flavescens)

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

In vitro binding of cefovecin to plasma proteins in Australian marsupials and plasma concentrations of cefovecin following single subcutaneous administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

In vitro binding of cefovecin to plasma proteins in Australian marsupials and plasma concentrations of cefovecin following single subcutaneous administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Cefovecin pharmacokinetics after single‐dose intramuscular administration in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

Outside the Box: Working With Wildlife in Biocontainment

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