A Global Analysis of<i>CYP51</i>Diversity and Azole Sensitivity in<i>Rhynchosporium commune</i>

Brunner, Patrick C.; Stefansson, Tryggvi S.; Fountaine, J. M.; Richina, Veronica; McDonald, Bruce A.

doi:10.1094/phyto-07-15-0158-r

Cited by 42 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…; Brunner et al . ). No significant association was detected for either the coding sequence or neighbouring regions of CYP51B and the CYP51A‐p pseudogene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The CYP 51A resistance haplotypes shown at the bottom were retrieved from Brunner et al . (). Symbols inside the genotype boxes help identify CYP 51A haplotypes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We analysed the CYP51A polymorphisms as haplotypes as described in Brunner et al . () because previous studies failed to identify single amino acid substitutions contributing to azole resistance in R. commune . We aimed to estimate the relative contributions of the three significant SNPs located within the associated genes and the CYP51A haplotypes to the overall variation in azole resistance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Brunner et al . ). As previously reported, we found no association of CYP51B and the CYP51A‐p pseudogene with azole resistance (Hawkins et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The CYP51A paralog was more frequently found in resistant populations (Brunner et al . ). The emergence of the CYP51A paralog is the only known mechanism of azole resistance in R. commune .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Multilocus resistance evolution to azole fungicides in fungal plant pathogen populations

2016

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Evolution of fungicide resistance is a major threat to food production in agricultural ecosystems. Fungal pathogens rapidly evolved resistance to all classes of fungicides applied to the field. Resistance to the commonly used azole fungicides is thought to be driven mainly by mutations in a gene (CYP51) encoding a protein of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. However, some fungi gained azole resistance independently of CYP51 mutations and the mechanisms leading to CYP51-independent resistance are poorly understood. We used whole-genome sequencing and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to perform an unbiased screen of azole resistance loci in Rhynchosporium commune, the causal agent of the barley scald disease. We assayed cyproconazole resistance in 120 isolates collected from nine populations worldwide. We found that mutations in highly conserved genes encoding the vacuolar cation channel YVC1, a transcription activator, and a saccharopine dehydrogenase made significant contributions to fungicide resistance. These three genes were not previously known to confer resistance in plant pathogens. However, YVC1 is involved in a conserved stress response pathway known to respond to azoles in human pathogenic fungi. We also performed GWAS to identify genetic polymorphism linked to fungal growth rates. We found that loci conferring increased fungicide resistance were negatively impacting growth rates, suggesting that fungicide resistance evolution imposed costs. Analyses of population structure showed that resistance mutations were likely introduced into local populations through gene flow. Multilocus resistance evolution to fungicides shows how pathogen populations can evolve a complex genetic architecture for an important phenotypic trait within a short time span.

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“…; Brunner et al . ). No significant association was detected for either the coding sequence or neighbouring regions of CYP51B and the CYP51A‐p pseudogene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The CYP 51A resistance haplotypes shown at the bottom were retrieved from Brunner et al . (). Symbols inside the genotype boxes help identify CYP 51A haplotypes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Brunner et al . ). As previously reported, we found no association of CYP51B and the CYP51A‐p pseudogene with azole resistance (Hawkins et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Multilocus resistance evolution to azole fungicides in fungal plant pathogen populations

2016

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Mutations in theCYP51gene reduce DMI sensitivity inParastagonospora nodorumpopulations in Europe and China

2016

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Target and non‐target site mechanisms of fungicide resistance and their implications for the management of crop pathogens

Dorigan,

Moreira,

da Silva Costa Guimarães

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BackgroundFungicides are indispensable for high‐quality crops, but the rapid emergence and evolution of fungicide resistance have become the most important issues in modern agriculture. Hence, the sustainability and profitability of agricultural production have been challenged due to the limited number of fungicide chemical classes. Resistance to site‐specific fungicides has principally been linked to target and non‐target site mechanisms. These mechanisms change the structure or expression level, affecting fungicide efficacy and resulting in different and varying resistance levels.ResultsThis review provides background information about fungicide resistance mechanisms and their implications for developing anti‐resistance strategies in plant pathogens. Here, our purpose was to review changes at the target and non‐target sites of quinone outside inhibitor fungicides (QoIs), methyl‐benzimidazole fungicides (MBCs), demethylation inhibitor fungicides (DMIs), and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (SDHIs) and to evaluate if they may also be associated with a fitness cost on crop pathogen populations.ConclusionThe current knowledge suggests that understanding fungicide resistance mechanisms can facilitate resistance monitoring and assist in developing anti‐resistance strategies and new fungicide molecules to help solve this issue.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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A Global Analysis ofCYP51Diversity and Azole Sensitivity inRhynchosporium commune

Cited by 42 publications

References 26 publications

Multilocus resistance evolution to azole fungicides in fungal plant pathogen populations

Multilocus resistance evolution to azole fungicides in fungal plant pathogen populations

Mutations in theCYP51gene reduce DMI sensitivity inParastagonospora nodorumpopulations in Europe and China

Target and non‐target site mechanisms of fungicide resistance and their implications for the management of crop pathogens

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