Anatomy, Physiology, and Laboratory Evaluation of the Pituitary Gland

Hong, Gregory K.; Payne, Spencer C.; Jane, John A.

doi:10.1016/j.otc.2015.09.002

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…As an important class of experimental animals, rats play a crucial role in many types of functional studies, particularly in reproductive development (Han et al 2017a). The pituitary is an important functional organ in the animal endocrine system and performs important functions in numerous physiological processes (Hong et al 2016). The pituitary secretes seven types of hormones, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone; these hormones are essential for reproduction, growth and metabolic homeostasis, and they regulate developmental and physiological processes (Lupu et al 2001, Samarasinghe et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of circular RNAs in the immature and mature rat anterior pituitary

Han

Wang

Sun

et al. 2019

Journal of Endocrinology

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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of RNA that have a stable structure characterized by covalently closed circular molecules and are involved in invasive pituitary adenomas and recurrent clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. However, information on circRNAs in the normal pituitary, especially in rats, is limited. In this study, we identified 4123 circRNAs in the immature (D15) and mature (D120) rat anterior pituitary using the Illumina platform, and 32 differentially expressed circRNAs were found. A total of 150 Gene Ontology terms were significantly enriched, and 16 KEGG pathways were found to contain differentially expressed genes. Moreover, we randomly selected eight highly expressed circRNAs and detected their relative expression levels in the mature and immature rat pituitary by qPCR. In addition, we predicted 90 interactions between 53 circRNAs and 57 miRNAs using miRanda. Notably, circ_0000964 and circ_0001303 are potential miRNA sponges that may regulate the Fshb gene. The expression profile of circRNAs in the immature and mature rat anterior pituitary may provide more information about the roles of circRNAs in the development and reproduction in mammals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of circular RNAs in the immature and mature rat anterior pituitary

Han

Wang

Sun

et al. 2019

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Ablation studies and histological work have shown that those neuroendocrine functions are spatially compartmentalized in both the hypothalamus and the PG. The human PG, in particular, can be divided into at least two lobes (the adeno-and the neurohypophysis) that are distinct by their position along the rostro-caudal axis, as well as their size, and functions (Hong et al 2016). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proven promising for characterizing structural abnormalities of the whole PG in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (Atmaca 2014), depression (Arnone et al 2012), and eating disorders (Doraiswamy et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging the pituitary in psychopathologies: a review of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging studies

2019

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The pituitary gland (PG) is a key component of the essential endocrine systems in humans and animals, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes. Structural changes in the PG are observed in a number of psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders are typically characterized by subtle, time-dependent anatomical changes in the brain, and their study necessitates highly powered, longitudinal investigations. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technology that is ideally suited to detect changes in anatomical structures over time. In this paper, we will review the main findings on pituitary function and structure in the context of healthy development and of psychiatric disorders, with particular emphasis on MRI studies. The latter have not always succeeded in providing a clear theoretical framework of mental disorders, which may be explained by low resolution and differences in preprocessing methods, imprecise segmentation rules that do not account for the anatomical and functional specificity of the anterior and posterior lobes of the PG, and inadequate categorization of clinical subjects. We review those limitations and propose solutions for future research.

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“…The pituitary gland lies in the sella turcica and it has an important role in the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis [7]. Although the pituitary gland is a small structure, its volume can be quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Pituitary Gland Volume Change in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

Köseoğlu

Elibol

2018

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Aims: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest cause of menstrual irregularity and hirsutism during reproductive age. We hypothesized in the alterations in the pituitary gland in PCOS. Methods: We measured the volume of the pituitary gland in 39 PCOS patients and 42 age-matched healthy controls using 0.35 mm thick T1-weighted sagittal cranial images. Serum levels of estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured on days 3–5 of the menstrual cycle of the participants. Results: There was a significant difference in terms of LH, FSH, and LH/FSH ratio (p < 0.05) between groups. Mean pituitary gland volume (PGV) was 4.1 ± 1.36 mm³ for the study group and 3.4 ± 0.77 mm³ for the control group. PGV was statistically significantly higher in PCOS group than the control group (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between hormone levels and PGVs in groups. Conclusion: Enlarged pituitary volume in PCOS may be due to excessive LH release.

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Anatomy, Physiology, and Laboratory Evaluation of the Pituitary Gland

Cited by 46 publications

References 36 publications

Identification of circular RNAs in the immature and mature rat anterior pituitary

Identification of circular RNAs in the immature and mature rat anterior pituitary

Imaging the pituitary in psychopathologies: a review of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging studies

Does the Pituitary Gland Volume Change in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

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