Comparative Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 from Five Sub-Saharan African Countries Using Various Phenotypic and Genotypic Techniques

Smith, Anthony M.; Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie; Mengel, Martin; Gessner, Bradford D.; Sauvageot, Delphine; Bidjada, Bawimodom; Miwanda, Berthe; Saliou, Diallo M.; N’Douba, Adèle Kacou; Langa, José Paulo; Ismail, Husna; Tau, Nomsa P.; Sooka, Arvinda; Keddy, Karen H.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142989

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…There was generalised resistance to nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole in all isolates from the five countries. 12 In Democratic Republic of the Congo, Miwanda et al documented resistance to cotrimoxazole, erythromycin and chloramphenicol. However, no resistance to fluoroquinolones was reported from this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increasing trend of resistance to cotrimoxazole was observed from many studies. Kacou-N’douba 11 and Smith et al 12 documented resistance to chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole from their studies in Cote d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea Bissau, Mozambique and Namibia. 11,12 This is worrisome, because, until now, cotrimoxazole was considered the drug of choice against V. cholerae .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae from sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review

Mohammed

Aboderin

Okeke

et al. 2018

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine

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BackgroundThe World Health Assembly adopted the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, which includes improving the knowledge base through surveillance and research. Noteworthily, the World Health Organization has advocated a Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System to address the plan’s surveillance objective, with most African countries enrolling in or after 2017.AimThe aim of this article was to review prior data on antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae from sub-Saharan Africa with a view for future control and intervention strategies.MethodsWe used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (or ‘PRISMA’) guidelines to search the PubMed and African Journals Online databases, as well as additional articles provided by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, for articles reporting on the antibiotic susceptibility of V. cholerae between January 2000 and December 2017.ResultsWe identified 340 publications, of which only 25 (reporting from 16 countries within the sub-Saharan African region) were eligible. The majority (20; 80.0%) of the cholera toxigenic V. cholerae isolates were of the serogroup O1 of the El Tor biotype with Ogawa and Inaba serotypes predominating. Resistance was predominantly documented to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (50% of the studies), ampicillin (43.3% of the studies), chloramphenicol (43.3% of the studies) and streptomycin (30% of the studies). Resistance mechanisms were reported in 40% of the studies.ConclusionOur results demonstrate a documented antimicrobial resistance of V. cholerae to multiple antibiotic classes, including cell wall active agents and antimetabolites with evidence of phenotypic/genotypic resistance to fluoroquinolones.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae from sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review

Mohammed

Aboderin

Okeke

et al. 2018

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine

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“…An aliquot of V . cholerae isolates was stored in the INS lab at -80°C and a copy was sent to the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) in South Africa for quality control and molecular subtyping and results were previously published elsewhere [ 12 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-site cholera surveillance within the African Cholera Surveillance Network shows endemicity in Mozambique, 2011–2015

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMozambique suffers recurrent annual cholera outbreaks especially during the rainy season between October to March. The African Cholera Surveillance Network (Africhol) was implemented in Mozambique in 2011 to generate accurate detailed surveillance data to support appropriate interventions for cholera control and prevention in the country.Methodology/Principal findingsAfrichol was implemented in enhanced surveillance zones located in the provinces of Sofala (Beira), Zambézia (District Mocuba), and Cabo Delgado (Pemba City). Data were also analyzed from the three outbreak areas that experienced the greatest number of cases during the time period under observation (in the districts of Cuamba, Montepuez, and Nampula). Rectal swabs were collected from suspected cases for identification of Vibrio cholerae, as well as clinical, behavioral, and socio-demographic variables. We analyzed factors associated with confirmed, hospitalized, and fatal cholera using multivariate logistic regression models.A total of 1,863 suspected cases and 23 deaths (case fatality ratio (CFR), 1.2%) were reported from October 2011 to December 2015. Among these suspected cases, 52.2% were tested of which 23.5% were positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa. Risk factors independently associated with the occurrence of confirmed cholera were living in Nampula city district, the year 2014, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and the primary water source for drinking.Conclusions/SignificanceCholera was endemic in Mozambique during the study period with a high CFR and identifiable risk factors. The study reinforces the importance of continued cholera surveillance, including a strong laboratory component. The results enhanced our understanding of the need to target priority areas and at-risk populations for interventions including oral cholera vaccine (OCV) use, and assess the impact of prevention and control strategies. Our data were instrumental in informing integrated prevention and control efforts during major cholera outbreaks in recent years.

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“…We used the methodology previously described by Smith et al [17] using using a PulseNet protocol [18]. A pulsotype (PT) was defined as a unique electrophoretic banding pattern.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory characterisation of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi isolates from Zimbabwe, 2009–2017

et al. 2019

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Background Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in Zimbabwe with recurrent outbreaks reported since 2009. To provide guidance on appropriate treatment choice in order to minimise the morbidity and mortality of typhoid fever and prevent large scale outbreaks, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, prevalence of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi ( S. Typhi) H58 haplotype and molecular subtypes of S. Typhi from outbreak strains isolated from 2009 to 2017 in Zimbabwe and compared these to isolates from neighbouring African countries. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all isolates using the disk diffusion, and E-Test, and results were interpreted using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines (2017). S. Typhi H58 haplotype screening was performed on 161 (58.3%) isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on 91 selected isolates across timelines using antibiotic susceptibility results and geographical distribution (2009 to 2016). Results Between 2009 and 2017, 16,398 suspected cases and 550 confirmed cases of typhoid fever were notified in Zimbabwe. A total of 276 (44.6%) of the culture-confirmed S. Typhi isolates were analysed and 243 isolates (88.0%) were resistant to two or more first line drugs (ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol) for typhoid. The most common resistance was to ampicillin-chloramphenicol (172 isolates; 62.3%). Increasing ciprofloxacin resistance was observed from 2012 to 2017 (4.2 to 22.0%). Out of 161 screened isolates, 150 (93.2%) were haplotype H58. Twelve PFGE patterns were observed among the 91 isolates analysed, suggesting some diversity exists among strains circulating in Zimbabwe . PFGE analysis of 2013, 2014 and 2016 isolates revealed a common strain with an indistinguishable PFGE pattern (100% similarity) and indistinguishable from PFGE patterns previously identified in strains isolated from South Africa, Zambia and Tanzania. Conclusions Resistance to first line antimicrobials used for typhoid fever is emerging in Zimbabwe and the multidrug resistant S . Typhi H58 haplotype is widespread. A predominant PFGE clone circulating in Zimbabwe, South Africa, Zambia and Tanzania, argues for cross-border cooperation in the control of this disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4114-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Comparative Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 from Five Sub-Saharan African Countries Using Various Phenotypic and Genotypic Techniques

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae from sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review

Antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae from sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review

Multi-site cholera surveillance within the African Cholera Surveillance Network shows endemicity in Mozambique, 2011–2015

Laboratory characterisation of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi isolates from Zimbabwe, 2009–2017

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