The classification of Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders in the ICD-11

Stein, Dan J.; Kogan, Cary S.; Atmaca, Murad; Fineberg, Naomi; Fontenelle, Leonardo F.; Grant, Jon E.; Matsunaga, Hisato; Reddy, Y.C. Janardhan; Simpson, Helen Blair; Thomsen, Per Hove; Heuvel, Odile A. van den; Veale, David; Woods, Douglas W.; Reed, Geoffrey M.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.061

Cited by 170 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…The level of insight in OCD may range from good to totally absent, and lack of insight, even of delusional quality, is no longer ground for an additional diagnosis of delusional disorder [1]. It is important to note that the ICD-11 Working Group on OCD and related disorders is planning to introduce almost identical diagnostic guidelines to its own classification of OCD, thus significantly diverting from ICD-10 [2].…”

Section: Psychopathology and Diagnosis Of Ocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a final decision on the ICD-11 classification of OCRDs will not be known until early 2018, the current proposal, as described by Stein et al [2] is that, in addition to OCD and the OCRDs already listed in DSM-5, the ICD-11 grouping of OCRDs will also include a new category of olfactory reference disorder and the former somatoform disorder of hypochondriasis. In addition, Tourette's disorder and OCPD, which will continue to be listed in their respective diagnostic groupings in ICD-11, will be cross-referenced to the OCRDs chapter to emphasize their phenomenological connection with OCD [2].…”

Section: Candidate Ocrdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Tourette's disorder and OCPD, which will continue to be listed in their respective diagnostic groupings in ICD-11, will be cross-referenced to the OCRDs chapter to emphasize their phenomenological connection with OCD [2]. Other than the difference in the number of disorders included in the grouping, it would appear that the DSM-5 and ICD-11 classifications of OCRDs are essentially parallel classifications.…”

Section: Candidate Ocrdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was removed from the anxiety disorders and reclassified under the new category of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs), which, in addition to OCD, includes four related disorders linked by a core symptom of compulsivity and the presumed etiological similarity to OCD. The International Classification of Diseases, eleventh edition (ICD-11), due to be published in 2018, will likely follow suit with similar changes to its own OCD classification [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From anxiety to compulsivity – a review of changes to OCD classification in DSM-5 and ICD-11

Krzanowska¹,

Kuleta²

2017

Arch Psych Psych

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SummaryObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is no longer classified as an anxiety disorder in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). It has become a flagship disorder of the new category of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders (OCRDs) -a group of five disorders linked together by the core symptom of repetitive thoughts and behaviors and phenomenological and neurobiological similarity to OCD. Body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, and skin picking disorder are the other disorders included in this group. In the upcoming eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, the World Health Organization (WHO) is planning to introduce similar changes to its own classification of OCD, further recommending the inclusion of olfactory reference disorder and hypochondriasis, in addition to the disorders listed in the DSM-5. In this article, we will review the classifications of OCD and OCDRs in the DSM-5 and the upcoming ICD-11, as well as describe the rationale and research leading to the creation of this new class of disorders.

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Section: Psychopathology and Diagnosis Of Ocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Candidate Ocrdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Candidate Ocrdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From anxiety to compulsivity – a review of changes to OCD classification in DSM-5 and ICD-11

Krzanowska¹,

Kuleta²

2017

Arch Psych Psych

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“…The two first items are listed in the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders chapter of the DSM-5 as independent diagnostic entities (hoarding disorder [HD] and body dysmorphic disorder [BDD], respectively), while hypochondriasis is not. Notably, hypochondriasis will be included among OCD-related disorders in the ICD-11, 4 due to its close relationship with OCD and BDD. The nosological status of hoarding manifestations has been much debated in recent years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

When the past is present

Torres

Costa

Miguel

2017

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Its Cross-Generational Familial Association With Anxiety Disorders in a National Swedish Extended Adoption Study

et al. 2023

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ImportanceWe know little about the transmission of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) across generations.ObjectiveTo evaluate the sources of parent-offspring transmission of OCD and familial cross-generational association with more typical anxiety disorders.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis Swedish population register–based study analyzed data for offspring born in Sweden from 1960 to 1995 from the following 4 family types: intact, not-lived-with biological father, lived-with stepfather, and adoptive. Follow-up occurred on December 31, 2018, and data were analyzed from April 6, 2022, to September 26, 2022.ExposuresThree sources of parent-offspring resemblance: genes plus rearing, genes only, and rearing only.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDiagnoses of OCD, all anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia, and panic disorder were obtained from national inpatient, outpatient, and primary care medical registers. Parent-child resemblance was assessed by tetrachoric correlation (r).ResultsThe offspring population consisted of 2 413 128 individuals; mean (SD) age at follow-up was 40.2 (10.7) years, 1 258 670 individuals (52.2%) were male, and 1 154 458 individuals (47.8%) were female. For each type of parent-child relationship, the best-estimate correlation for OCD for genes plus rearing was 0.19 (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.20); genes only, 0.18 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.24); and rearing only, 0.04 (95% CI, −0.10 to 0.19). From bivariate adoption analyses, the cross-generational genetic correlations between OCD with anxiety disorder diagnostic categories were estimated as follows: for all anxiety disorders, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.77); GAD, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.53 to 1.00); social phobia, 0.70 (95% CI, 0.31 to 1.00); and panic disorder, 0.47 (95% CI, 0.20 to 0.73).Conclusions and RelevanceThis Swedish population register–based study found that OCD was transmitted from parents to children largely through a genetic relationship, with rearing playing a minor role. Viewed cross-generationally, OCD and anxiety disorders were moderately genetically correlated, with the genetic correlations strongest between OCD and GAD, intermediate for OCD and social phobia, and weakest between OCD and panic disorder. These genetic correlations were modestly attenuated when diagnostic hierarchies were imposed before analysis.

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The classification of Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders in the ICD-11

Abstract: It is anticipated that creation of an OCRD grouping will contribute to accurate identification and appropriate treatment of affected patients as well as research efforts aimed at improving our understanding of the prevalence, assessment, and management of its constituent disorders.

Cited by 170 publications

References 112 publications

From anxiety to compulsivity – a review of changes to OCD classification in DSM-5 and ICD-11

From anxiety to compulsivity – a review of changes to OCD classification in DSM-5 and ICD-11

When the past is present

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Its Cross-Generational Familial Association With Anxiety Disorders in a National Swedish Extended Adoption Study

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