Molecular Profiling: Catecholamine Modulation of Gene Expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Bearson, Bradley L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_7

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Due to a lack of literature on anaerobes and NE, the mechanism that would cause these observed changes is unknown. Although, NE is known to have direct effects on microbial populations (Lyte et al, 2011) and gene expression of the microbial populations (Bearson, 2016). Additionally, it increases internalization of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7, but not commensal E. coli into jejunal Peyer's Patch mucosa (Green et al, 2003), demonstrating some differential effects within bacterial species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because Salmonella is a common pathogens in neonatal pigs and has enhanced growth and virulence in response to catecholamines and alters genetic gene expression (Freestone, 2013;Bearson, 2016), we tested the ability of the stress hormones to reduce or exacerbate Salmonella attachment and translocation to MLN after weaning. At 0700 h on day 2 in replication 2, 5 pigs per treatment were moved from the nursery to the USDA BSL2 laboratory, where they were housed individually.…”

Section: Salmonella Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of orally administered cortisol and norepinephrine on weanling piglet gut microbial populations and Salmonella passage1

Petrosus

Silva

Lay

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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Stress and anxiety have been associated with changes in the microbiota of the gut and ultimately diminished resistance to pathogens. The objective of this study was to observe intestinal microbiota and susceptibility to Salmonella associated with stress hormones, cortisol (CORT), and norepinephrine (NE), in piglets. At weaning, 90 piglets (15 for a Salmonella challenge) were trained to take the carrier (apple juice) orally. At 2 wk after weaning, pens of piglets were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatments: control (CNT), NE, or CORT. Blood samples were collected prior to treatment, then piglets were dosed orally with treatments twice on day 0; at 0800 and 1600 h. Control piglets were administered 6.1 mL of the carrier only, NE pigs were administered 40 mg/mL of NE-bitartrate salt dissolved in the carrier, and CORT pigs were administered 12 mg/mL of hydrocortisone acetate dissolved in the carrier. Jugular blood samples were collected prior to necropsies (n = 5/treatment) at 0800 and 1600 h on day 1, and at 0800 h on days 2, 7, and 14 after treatments were started. A subset of pigs were subjected to a 24-h Salmonella challenge. Jejunal and ileal tissues and jejunal, ileal, cecal, and rectal contents were collected and colonies were counted. Microbial data and blood samples were analyzed using mixed models with fixed effects of treatment and day. Cortisol-treated piglets exhibited a spike in plasma CORT concentrations at 0800 h day 1 (P = 0.001) accompanied by greater concentrations of cecal Escherichia coli (P < 0.05) and a shift in intestinal environment to favor coliforms on day 2 (P < 0.05). Salmonella concentrations from rectal contents tended (P = 0.07) to be suppressed by CORT. Lactic acid-producing bacteria rectal concentrations were greater (P = 0.03) in CORT pigs on 0800 h on day 1 then NE pigs and tended to be greater than CNT (P = 0.09) and were greater on day 14 for both CNT (P = 0.003) and NE (P = 0.02). Norepinephrine spiked in NE piglets at 0800 h on day 1 (P = 0.001), 1600 h day 1 (P = 0.004), through day 2 (P = 0.04). Intestinal environment of NE pigs shifted to favor ileal anaerobes (P ≤ 0.05) and facultative anaerobes (E. coli; P = 0.01) compared to CNT. However, Salmonella concentrations in rectal contents were suppressed by NE compared to CNT (P = 0.05). Oral administration of NE and CORT had the desired effect of increasing concentrations of stress hormones and resulted in microbiome shifts throughout the intestines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Salmonella Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of orally administered cortisol and norepinephrine on weanling piglet gut microbial populations and Salmonella passage1

Petrosus

Silva

Lay

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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show abstract

“…While it is not yet known why E. coli has the capacity to produce the exact same fight-or-flight neurochemicals as animals, it has been shown that exposure of E. coli to physiologically-relevant concentrations of stress-related neurochemicals that would be present in the intestinal tract of a stressed bird due to production by ENS neurons that innervate the gut (as discussed above) results in orders of magnitude increase in growth ( Barker et al, 1977 ; Kinney et al, 2000 ; O'Donnell et al, 2006 ; Toscano et al, 2007 ; Lyte, 2016a ) and production of virulence-related factors, such as pilus adhesion ( Lyte et al, 1997 ), as well as production of autoinducer metabolites that regulate growth ( Lyte et al, 1996 ) and facilitate interkingdom signaling ( Moreira and Sperandio, 2016 ). The ability of stress neurochemicals (i.e., norepinephrine and others) to initiate changes in gene expression has also been demonstrated ( Oneal et al, 2008 ; Bearson and Dowd, 2010 ; Bearson, 2016 ). Further, in vivo production of stress-related neurochemicals has been shown to facilitate bacterial attachment to mucosal surfaces ( Lyte et al, 2003 ; Sandrini et al, 2014 ) and to increase proliferation within the intestinal tract ( Vlisidou et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Microbial Endocrinology: How Evolved Intersections Of Microbiology and Neurobiology Matter To Poultry Well-being Susceptibility mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Salmonella spp. by log orders within hours ( Freestone et al, 2007 ; Karavolos et al, 2008 ; Bearson, 2016 ; Hiller et al, 2019 ; Lucca et al, 2020 ). It should be noted that the neurochemicals themselves do not provide any nutritive value to the infectious pathogen, but instead provide an environment signal that informs the bacterium to initiate the pathogenic process for its own survival.…”

Section: Microbial Endocrinology: How Evolved Intersections Of Microbiology and Neurobiology Matter To Poultry Well-being Susceptibility mentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal nutrition symposium: leveraging the microbiome (and the metabolome) for poultry production

et al. 2022

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Knowledge of gut microbiology of poultry has advanced from a limited ability to culture relatively few microbial species, to attempting to understand the complex interactions between the bird and its microbiome. The Informal Nutrition Symposium 2021 was intended to help poultry scientists to make sense of the implications of the vast amounts of information being generated by researchers. This paper represents a compilation of the talks given at the symposium by leading international researchers in this field. The symposium began with an overview of the historical developments in the field of intestinal microbiology and microbiome research in poultry. Next, the systemic effects of the microbiome on health in the context of the interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system were presented. Because the microbiome and the host communicate and influence each other, the novel field of kinomics (the study of protein phosphorylation) as used in the study of the poultry microbiome was discussed. Protein phosphorylation is a rapid response to the complex of signals among the microbiome, intestinal lumen metabolites, and the host. Then, a description of why an understanding of the role of microbial endocrinology in poultry production can lead to new understanding of the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota and the host can interact in defined mechanisms that ultimately determine health, pathogenesis of infectious disease, and behavior was given. Finally, a view forward was presented underscoring the importance of understanding mechanisms in microbiomes in other organ systems and other species. Additionally, the importance of the development of new -omics platforms and data management tools to more completely understand host microbiomes was stressed.

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“…Catecholamines synthesized outside of the gastrointestinal tract in response to stress can also reach the gut lumen via bloodstream (Marra et al, 2005) flow into capillaries within the gut wall. Indeed, epinephrine and norepinephrine effect distinct responses in enteric pathogen motility, growth and other genes important in the colonization and invasion of the host intestinal epithelium (Bearson, 2016). Norepinephrine in the gut may effect different immune-related changes in the intestinal mucosa which impact on the microbiota depending on whether the catecholamine is a product of neuronal stimulation or derived from an extra-gastrointestinal site, such as the adrenal medulla.…”

Section: Microbial Endocrinology-based Mechanisms In Infectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Microbial endocrinology: intersection of microbiology and neurobiology matters to swine health from infection to behavior

Lyte

2019

Animal

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From birth to slaughter, pigs are in constant interaction with microorganisms. Exposure of the skin, gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, and other systems allows microorganisms to affect the developmental trajectory and function of porcine physiology as well as impact behavior. These routes of communication are bi-directional, allowing the swine host to likewise influence microbial survival, function and community composition. Microbial endocrinology is the study of the bi-directional dialogue between host and microbe. Indeed, the landmark discovery of host neuroendocrine systems as hubs of host-microbe communication revealed neurochemicals act as an inter-kingdom evolutionary-based language between microorganism and host. Several such neurochemicals are stress catecholamines, which have been shown to drastically increase host susceptibility to infection and augment virulence of important swine pathogens, including Clostridium perfringens. Catecholamines, the production of which increase in response to stress, reach the epithelium of multiple tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract and lung, where they initiate diverse responses by members of the microbiome as well as transient microorganisms, including pathogens and opportunistic pathogens. Multiple laboratories have confirmed the evolutionary role of microbial endocrinology in infectious disease pathogenesis extending from animals to even plants. More recent investigations have now shown that microbial endocrinology also plays a role in animal behavior through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As stress and disease are ever-present, intersecting concerns during each stage of swine production, novel strategies utilizing a microbial endocrinology-based approach will likely prove invaluable to the swine industry.

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Molecular Profiling: Catecholamine Modulation of Gene Expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of orally administered cortisol and norepinephrine on weanling piglet gut microbial populations and Salmonella passage1

Effects of orally administered cortisol and norepinephrine on weanling piglet gut microbial populations and Salmonella passage1

Informal nutrition symposium: leveraging the microbiome (and the metabolome) for poultry production

Review: Microbial endocrinology: intersection of microbiology and neurobiology matters to swine health from infection to behavior

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