Abstract:A simple, rapid method to produce radiopaque DEBs was developed. These radiopaque DEBs provided sufficient conspicuity to be visualized with x-ray imaging techniques.
“…To enable in vivo bead distribution studies to be performed and imaged using μCT, radiopaque versions of DC Bead M1 (radiopaque 70–150 µm) and DC Bead 100–300 µm (radiopaque 100–300 µm) were prepared as previously described [ 32 ]. Briefly, beads were lyophilised and incorporated with iodized oil and doxorubicin using a previously reported process [ 33 ].…”
Clinical use of DC Bead™ loaded with doxorubicin (DEBDOX™) or irinotecan (DEBIRI™), for the treatment of primary and secondary tumours of the liver respectively, is showing great promise. Recently there has been a tendency to select smaller bead size ranges to treat tumours in an effort to allow more drug dose to be administered, improve tumoural penetration and resultant drug delivery and tumour coverage. Herein we describe the development and performance characterisation of a new DC Bead size range (DC BeadM1TM, 70–150 μm) capable of an increased bead delivery in the distal vasculature, corresponding to greater tumour coverage and drug dose delivered. Both unloaded and drug loaded DC BeadM1 were shown to have a greater density of distal volume of penetration although the ultimate distal level of penetration was the same as that of the 100–300 µm beads in an in vitro penetration model. Elution of doxorubicin was slower than irinotecan elution, but it was similar when comparing the same drug elution from 70 to 150 µm compared to 100–300 µm beads. Radiopaque versions of 70–150 and 100–300 µm beads were prepared in order to evaluate distribution ex vivo using µ-CT and doxorubicin distribution using epifluorescent microscopy. Liver distribution of the radiopaque versions of the beads was shown to be more distal and efficient at filling smaller vessels with the DC BeadM1 and correspondingly more beads were found per vessel histologically with a larger area of drug coverage with the smaller size range. This study indicates that the smaller (70–150 μm) beads should permit an increased dose of drug to be administered to both hypervascular and hypovascular tumours as compared to 100–300 µm beads.
“…To enable in vivo bead distribution studies to be performed and imaged using μCT, radiopaque versions of DC Bead M1 (radiopaque 70–150 µm) and DC Bead 100–300 µm (radiopaque 100–300 µm) were prepared as previously described [ 32 ]. Briefly, beads were lyophilised and incorporated with iodized oil and doxorubicin using a previously reported process [ 33 ].…”
Clinical use of DC Bead™ loaded with doxorubicin (DEBDOX™) or irinotecan (DEBIRI™), for the treatment of primary and secondary tumours of the liver respectively, is showing great promise. Recently there has been a tendency to select smaller bead size ranges to treat tumours in an effort to allow more drug dose to be administered, improve tumoural penetration and resultant drug delivery and tumour coverage. Herein we describe the development and performance characterisation of a new DC Bead size range (DC BeadM1TM, 70–150 μm) capable of an increased bead delivery in the distal vasculature, corresponding to greater tumour coverage and drug dose delivered. Both unloaded and drug loaded DC BeadM1 were shown to have a greater density of distal volume of penetration although the ultimate distal level of penetration was the same as that of the 100–300 µm beads in an in vitro penetration model. Elution of doxorubicin was slower than irinotecan elution, but it was similar when comparing the same drug elution from 70 to 150 µm compared to 100–300 µm beads. Radiopaque versions of 70–150 and 100–300 µm beads were prepared in order to evaluate distribution ex vivo using µ-CT and doxorubicin distribution using epifluorescent microscopy. Liver distribution of the radiopaque versions of the beads was shown to be more distal and efficient at filling smaller vessels with the DC BeadM1 and correspondingly more beads were found per vessel histologically with a larger area of drug coverage with the smaller size range. This study indicates that the smaller (70–150 μm) beads should permit an increased dose of drug to be administered to both hypervascular and hypovascular tumours as compared to 100–300 µm beads.
“…Then doxorubicin was loaded into the radiopaque beads to create radiopaque drug eluding beads ( Fig. 5 ) 89 . The impact of bead size to local drug distribution following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization was also studied 90 .…”
Section: Radiopaque Nanoparticles and Biomaterials For Atherosclerosimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(Reprinted from Ref. 89 with permission). Figure 6 MicroCT of swine kidney tissue embolized with radiopaque drug eluting beads.…”
Section: Radiopaque Nanoparticles and Biomaterials For Atherosclerosimentioning
A review of radiopaque nano and polymeric materials for atherosclerosis imaging and catheterization procedures is presented in this paper. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the US with atherosclerosis as a significant contributor for mortality and morbidity. In this review paper, we discussed the physics of radiopacity and X-ray/CT, clinically used contrast agents, and the recent progress in the development of radiopaque imaging agents and devices for the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs. We focused on radiopaque imaging agents for atherosclerosis, radiopaque embolic agents and drug eluting beads, and other radiopaque medical devices related to catheterization procedures to treat CVDs. Common strategies of introducing radiopacity in the polymers, together with examples of their applications in imaging and medical devices, are also presented.
“…Lewis et al [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] and Jordan et al [53,54] have recently developed a series of nonbiodegradable beads with "special features" for drug delivery (Table 1). Beads for the loading of anionic drugs [45], and X-ray image-able beads with doxorubicin loading capacity [46-49, 52, 55] were presented.…”
Embolic microspheres or beads used in transarterial chemoembolization are an established treatment method for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The occlusion of the tumor-feeding vessels by intra-arterial injection of the beads results in tumor necrosis and shrinkage. In this short review, we describe the utility of using these beads as devices for local drug delivery. We review the latest advances in the development of non-biodegradable and biodegradable drug-eluting beads for transarterial chemoembolization. Their capability to load different drugs, such as chemotherapeutics and anti-angiogenic compounds with different physicochemical properties, like charge and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, are discussed. We specifically address controlled and sustained drug release from the microspheres, and the resulting in vivo pharmacokinetics in the plasma vs. drug distribution in the targeted tissue.
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