Transfer of scarlet fever-associated elements into the group A Streptococcus M1T1 clone

Zakour, Nouri L. Ben; Davies, Mark R.; You, Yuanhai; Chen, Jonathan Hon-Kwan; Forde, Brian M.; Stanton-Cook, Mitchell; Yang, Ruifu; Cui, Yu‐Jun; Barnett, Timothy C.; Venturini, Carola; Ong, Cheryl-lynn Y.; Tse, Herman; Dougan, Gordon; Zhang, Jianzhong; Yuen, Kwok‐Yung; Beatson, Scott A.; Walker, Mark J.

doi:10.1038/srep15877

Cited by 64 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…Finally, emm1/ST28 isolate 20156011 was additionally positive for speC and ssa. Examination of the genome revealed that spd1 (DNase gene), speC, and ssa were tandemly situated in a prophage sequence, as in the highly related HKU488.vir prophage from an antimicrobialresistant emm1 strain causing scarlet fever in Hong Kong (33). Unlike the Hong Kong emm1 strain, ABCs strain 20156011 was susceptible to antibiotics and lacked ermB and tetM determinants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent increased superantigen complement in emm1 subclones described in China is reason for increased awareness of the enhanced virulence potential imposed by already impactful iGAS strains, wherein emm12 strains facilitated the horizontal transfer of scarlet fever-associated mobile elements carrying speC and ssa to the emm1/ST28 lineage (33). In our strain set, we observed a single emm1 isolate (20156011) that was positive for speC and ssa in addition to the usual emm1/ST28 superantigen complement (speA, speG, speJ, speZ) that was situated on a prophage highly related to previously described HKU488.vir (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population and Whole Genome Sequence Based Characterization of Invasive Group A Streptococci Recovered in the United States during 2015

Chochua

Metcalf

et al. 2017

mBio

112

183

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Group A streptococci (GAS) are genetically diverse. Determination of strain features can reveal associations with disease and resistance and assist in vaccine formulation. We employed whole-genome sequence (WGS)-based characterization of 1,454 invasive GAS isolates recovered in 2015 by Active Bacterial Core Surveillance and performed conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Predictions were made for genotype, GAS carbohydrate, antimicrobial resistance, surface proteins (M family, fibronectin binding, T, R28), secreted virulence proteins (Sda1, Sic, exotoxins), hyaluronate capsule, and an upregulated nga operon (encodes NADase and streptolysin O) promoter (Pnga3). Sixty-four M protein gene (emm) types were identified among 69 clonal complexes (CCs), including one CC of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. emm types predicted the presence or absence of active sof determinants and were segregated into sof-positive or sof-negative genetic complexes. Only one "emm type switch" between strains was apparent. sof-negative strains showed a propensity to cause infections in the first quarter of the year, while sof ϩ strain infections were more likely in summer. Of 1,454 isolates, 808 (55.6%) were Pnga3 positive and 637 (78.9%) were accounted for by types emm1, emm89, and emm12. Theoretical coverage of a 30-valent M vaccine combined with an M-related protein (Mrp) vaccine encompassed 98% of the isolates. WGS data predicted that 15.3, 13.8, 12.7, and 0.6% of the isolates were nonsusceptible to tetracycline, erythromycin plus clindamycin, erythromycin, and fluoroquinolones, respectively, with only 19 discordant phenotypic results. Close phylogenetic clustering of emm59 isolates was consistent with recent regional emergence. This study revealed strain traits informative for GAS disease incidence tracking, outbreak detection, vaccine strategy, and antimicrobial therapy.IMPORTANCE The current population-based WGS data from GAS strains causing invasive disease in the United States provide insights important for prevention and control strategies. Strain distribution data support recently proposed multivalent M type-specific and conserved M-like protein vaccine formulations that could potentially protect against nearly all invasive U.S. strains. The three most prevalent clonal complexes share key polymorphisms in the nga operon encoding two secreted virulence factors (NADase and streptolysin O) that have been previously associated with high strain virulence and transmissibility. We find that Streptococcus pyogenes is phylogenetically subdivided into loosely defined multilocus sequence type-based clusters consisting of solely sof-negative or sof-positive strains; with sof-negative strains demonstrating differential seasonal preference for infection, consistent with the recently demonstrated differential seasonal preference based on phylogenetic clustering of full-length M proteins. This might relate to the differences in GAS strain com-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population and Whole Genome Sequence Based Characterization of Invasive Group A Streptococci Recovered in the United States during 2015

Chochua

Metcalf

et al. 2017

mBio

112

183

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Smaller outbreaks were reported in Canada (over 100 cases in 2012), Kansas, USA in 2012, Mexico in 2000, and Valencia, Spain (40 cases in 2011) [13,14]. Typing, molecular characterization, and often genome sequencing of scarlet fever GAS isolates have been performed in several cases and brought light upon the genetic determinants of GAS and scarlet fever [9,11,15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the past decade, major outbreaks have been reported in Vietnam (over 23,000 cases in 2009), mainland China (>100,000 cases reported by the Chinese Ministry of Health), Hong Kong (>1000 cases, while before 2011 only sporadic cases were reported with the last major peak of 126 cases in 1976), and in the United Kingdom [8][9][10][11][12]. With 17,586 cases reported in 2015 and 7799 cases reported to Public Health England in 2016, until April 8 (Health Protection Report, Volume 10 Number 14), this is the biggest outbreak in this country since 1969; at that time, there were 16,093 new cases followed by a long disease-free period [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, although this outbreak was polyclonal, its unifying characteristic seemed to be the presence of common horizontally acquired elements (ICEemm12 and ΦHKU.vir), carrying antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors (including ssa). Of great interest, a recent report shows that 25 out of 34 emm1-type (M1T1-related clone), which was the second most prevalent type of the Hong Kong epidemic and was a frequently isolated emmtype in the mainland China outbreak, also carries an ICE-12-like element, and a ΦHKU.vir-like element (ΦHKU488.vir) [9]. This suggests that these are not a clonal-related, or an emmtype-related outbreaks, but instead mobile genetic elementsdriven outbreaks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Re-emergence of scarlet fever: old players return?

Andrey

Posfay‐Barbe

2016

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Streptococcus pyogenes adhesion and colonization

et al. 2016

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Edited by Wilhelm JustStreptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, GAS) is a human-adapted pathogen responsible for a wide spectrum of disease. GAS can cause relatively mild illnesses, such as strep throat or impetigo, and less frequent but severe life-threatening diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. GAS is an important public health problem causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main route of GAS transmission between humans is through close or direct physical contact, and particularly via respiratory droplets. The upper respiratory tract and skin are major reservoirs for GAS infections. The ability of GAS to establish an infection in the new host at these anatomical sites primarily results from two distinct physiological processes, namely bacterial adhesion and colonization. These fundamental aspects of pathogenesis rely upon a variety of GAS virulence factors, which are usually under strict transcriptional regulation. Considerable progress has been made in better understanding these initial infection steps. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of GAS adhesion and colonization.

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Transfer of scarlet fever-associated elements into the group A Streptococcus M1T1 clone

Cited by 64 publications

References 31 publications

Population and Whole Genome Sequence Based Characterization of Invasive Group A Streptococci Recovered in the United States during 2015

Population and Whole Genome Sequence Based Characterization of Invasive Group A Streptococci Recovered in the United States during 2015

Re-emergence of scarlet fever: old players return?

Streptococcus pyogenes adhesion and colonization

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