Improved production and processing of 89Zr using a solution target

Pandey, Mukesh K.; Bansal, Aditya; Engelbrecht, Hendrik; Byrne, John F.; Packard, Alan B.; DeGrado, Timothy R.

doi:10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.09.007

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Oehlke et al also irradiated solutions of dissolved yttrium nitrate with similar concentrations to produce 89 Zr (Oehlke et al 2015). Their lower 7,3 μA target current and proton energy of 12 MeV protons explained the lower activities produced and the reduced production yield at saturation, showing agreement with the results from Pandey et al (Pandey et al 2016) (Table 4). In all cases, the proton energy was chosen to avoid the production of the undesirable long-lived 88 Zr (t 1/2 = 83,4 days).…”

Section: Zrsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The improved process they developed enabled the production of 349 MBq of 89 Zr by irradiating a target solution composed of a 2 M solution of yttrium nitrate dissolved in 1, 25 M nitric acid with 40 μA of 14 MeV protons for 2 h (Pandey et al 2016). Oehlke et al also irradiated solutions of dissolved yttrium nitrate with similar concentrations to produce 89 Zr (Oehlke et al 2015).…”

Section: Zrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of radiometals in liquid targets

Carmo

Scott

Alves

2020

EJNMMI radiopharm. chem.

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Over the last several years, the use of radiometals has gained increasing relevance in supporting the continuous development of new, complementary and more specific biological targeting agents. Radiopharmaceuticals labelled with radiometals from elements such as Tc, Zr, Y, Ga and Cu received increasing attention as they find application in both diagnostic SPECT and PET imaging techniques and radiotherapeutic purposes. Such interest stems from the wide variety of radionuclides available with distinct and complementary nuclear decay characteristics to choose from with unequalled specificity, but can also be explained by growing demand in targeted radionuclide therapy. As a result, as routine supply of these radiometals becomes mandatory, studies describing their production processes have expanded rapidly. Although most radiometals are traditionally provided by the irradiation of solid targets in specialized cyclotrons, recently developed techniques for producing radiometals through the irradiation of liquid targets have received growing attention due to compatibility with commonly available small medical cyclotrons, promising characteristics and encouraging results. Irradiating liquid targets to produce radiometals appears as a fast, reliable, convenient and costefficient alternative to the conventional solid target techniques, characterized by complex and time-consuming pre-and post-irradiation target handling. Production of radiometals in liquid targets incorporated to complete manufacturing processes for daily routine is already recognized as a viable alternative and complementary supply methodology to existing solid target based infrastructures to satisfy growing clinical demands. For instance, several sites already use the approach to produce 68 Ga-radiopharmaceuticals for clinical use. This review article covers the production of common radiometals with clinical potential through the irradiation liquid targets. A comparison with the traditional solid target irradiation methods is presented when relevant.

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Section: Zrsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Zrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of radiometals in liquid targets

Carmo

Scott

Alves

2020

EJNMMI radiopharm. chem.

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“…Its production in moderate (100s of MBq) quantities through the 89 Y(p,n) 89 Zr nuclear reaction (Saha et al, 1966) is currently feasible using small medical cyclotrons capable of irradiating yttrium targets with 5 – 20 μA of 10 – 20 MeV protons. A variety of cyclotron targetry methods have been investigated including the irradiation of Y foils (Link et al, 1986 and DeJesus and Nickles, 1990), Y-sputtered copper (Meijs et al, 1994), powdered Y (Nagatsu et al, 2012), sedimented Y 2 O 3 (Sadeghi et al, 2010), and aqueous solutions of Y(NO 3 ) 3 (Pandey et al, 2016). However, as clinical trials requiring 40 – 200 MBq per human dose of 89 Zr-labeled compound continue to expand, the need for methods of producing GBq quantities of 89 Zr is increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spot-welding solid targets for high current cyclotron irradiation

Ellison

Valdovinos

Graves

et al. 2016

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

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Zirconium-89 finds broad application for use in positron emission tomography. Its cyclotron production has been limited by the heat transfer from yttrium targets at high beam currents. A spot welding technique allows a three-fold increase in beam current, without affecting 89Zr quality. An yttrium foil, welded to a jet-cooled tantalum support base accommodates a 50 μA proton beam degraded to 14 MeV. The resulting activity yield of 48 ± 4 MBq/(μA·hr) now extends the outreach of 89Zr for a broader distribution.

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“…The quantity of zinc necessary for the target need to be removed as it and all other metal impurities may perturb the radiolabeling reaction of gallium-68. Intense research on this topic lead to several purification methods based on solvent extraction [34,35], precipitation [36] and solid phase separation [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] and suitable for automation.…”

Section: Work In Progress: Cyclotronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallium-68: Radiolabeling of Radiopharmaceuticals for PET Imaging - A Lot to Consider

Meisenheimer¹,

Saenko²,

Eppard³

2021

Medical Isotopes

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Gallium-68 was applied for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging already in the early beginnings of PET imaging. Today, with the introduction of PSMA-targeting tracers (e.g. PSMA-11, PSMA-617, and PSMA-I&T), the number of clinical applications of 68 Ga-radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic imaging has grown considerably. This development was initiated and supported already in the mid-2000s by the commercial availability of 68 Ge/ 68 Ga generators designed for clinical usage. This progression was accompanied by the development of several purification methods to generator eluate as well as sophisticated 68 Ga-radiopharmaceuticals. Due to the 68 Ga-rush, the need for implementation of gallium-68 (depending on production route) and its certain tracers into the pharmacopeia increased. Based on the specifications given by the pharmacopeia, interest focused on the development of automated synthesis systems, 99m Tc-analog kits with regard to patient as well as operator safety.

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Improved production and processing of 89Zr using a solution target

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Production of radiometals in liquid targets

Production of radiometals in liquid targets

Spot-welding solid targets for high current cyclotron irradiation

Gallium-68: Radiolabeling of Radiopharmaceuticals for PET Imaging - A Lot to Consider

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