Distribution and characterization of Clostridium difficile isolated from dogs in Japan

Usui, Masaru; Suzuki, Kosuke; Oka, Koichiro; Miyamoto, Kentaro; Takahashi, Motomichi; Igarashi, Takashi; Kamiya, Shigeru; Tsutsumi, Yutaka

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.10.002

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several factors could contribute to these apparent differences, including geographic area, laboratory methods and age and clinical history of dogs recruited to these studies. In our study toxigenic isolates accounted for 36% of positive cultures (n=22/61); previous studies have reported a prevalence of toxigenic isolates of 36.8% to 69% (20,22,24,27). The most commonly isolated ribotypes in our study cohort were ribotypes 039 and 010, followed by 020, a toxigenic ribotype that was recovered most frequently from non-diarrheic dogs (Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Results from published studies of C. difficile carriage by companion animals report prevalence rates in dogs from 0% to 58%, with a lower prevalence in healthy dogs (17–19) and a higher prevalence reported in hospitalised dogs (20) and those visiting human hospitals (21). Similar ribotypes have been identified in both canines and humans suggesting potential for interspecies transmission (22,23). A small number of studies have looked at risk factors for C. difficile carriage in dogs.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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The duration of antibiotic treatment is associated with carriage of toxigenic and atoxigenic strains ofClostridioides difficilein dogs

Albuquerque

Pagnossin

Landsgaard

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of human antibiotic-associated diarrhoeal disease globally. Zoonotic reservoirs of infection are increasingly suspected to play a role in the emergence of this disease in the community and dogs are considered as one potential source. Here we use a canine case-control study at a referral veterinary hospital in Scotland to assess: i) the risk factors associated with carriage of C. difficile by dogs, ii) whether carriage of C. difficile is associated with clinical disease in dogs and iii) the similarity of strains isolated from dogs with local human clinical surveillance. The overall prevalence of C. difficile carriage in dogs was 18.7% (95% CI 14.8-23.2%, n=61/327) of which 36% (n=22/61) were toxigenic strains. We found risk factors related to prior antibiotic treatment were significantly associated with C. difficile carriage by dogs. However, the presence of toxigenic strains of C. difficile in a canine faecal sample was not associated with diarrhoeal disease in dogs. Active toxin was infrequently detected in canine faecal samples carrying toxigenic strains (2/11 samples). Both dogs in which active toxin was detected had no clinical evidence of gastrointestinal disease. Among the ten toxigenic ribotypes of C. difficile detected in dogs in this study, six of these (012, 014, 020, 026, 078, 106) were ribotypes commonly associated with human clinical disease in Scotland, while atoxigenic isolates largely belonged to 010 and 039 ribotypes. Whilst C. difficile does not appear commonly associated with diarrhoeal disease in dogs, antibiotic treatment increases carriage of this bacteria including toxigenic strains commonly found in human clinical disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The duration of antibiotic treatment is associated with carriage of toxigenic and atoxigenic strains ofClostridioides difficilein dogs

Albuquerque

Pagnossin

Landsgaard

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While C. difficile infections in humans are well-studied and associated with antibiotic therapy and hospitalization, in dogs C. difficile and its toxins are detected in clinically healthy subjects, and infection cannot be induced in healthy dogs even after antibiotic therapy. In fact, one study (72) reported isolation rates of 29% in healthy volunteer dogs in Japan, and 35% in patients of a veterinary hospital in treatment for non-GI related conditions. However, other studies give more conservative isolation rates, with 5.5% of shelter dogs in Germany positive for C. difficile (73) and no isolates out of 55 healthy dogs in Canada (74).…”

Section: Gut Microbiome and Gi Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results suggesting that C. difficile was secondary to an underlying issue. Given the frequent identification of human epidemic PCRribotypes in dogs (72,77), the potential of C. difficile as a zoonotic agent should be monitored (78).…”

Section: Gut Microbiome and Gi Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Canine Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Health and Gastrointestinal Disease

2020

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“…57 In dogs, colonization by C. difficile does not always correlate with clinical signs, and C. difficileinduced diarrhea might be secondary to other underlying diseases. [58][59][60][61] However, the correlation between BA dysmetabolism and C. difficile colonization holds true, and protection from C. difficile seems to correlate with colonization by C. hiranonis, 62 another bacterium with bile acid 7-dehydroxylation ability. 63 Clostridium hiranonis is part of the DI for dogs, 36 and has been quantified in our study by qPCR.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of metronidazole on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in healthy dogs

Pilla

Gaschen

Barr

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

118

146

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Background: Metronidazole has a substantial impact on the gut microbiome. However, the recovery of the microbiome after discontinuation of administration, and the metabolic consequences of such alterations have not been investigated to date. Objectives: To describe the impact of 14-day metronidazole administration, alone or in combination with a hydrolyzed protein diet, on fecal microbiome, metabolome, bile acids (BAs), and lactate production, and on serum metabolome in healthy dogs. Animals: Twenty-four healthy pet dogs. Methods: Prospective, nonrandomized controlled study. Dogs fed various commercial diets were divided in 3 groups: control group (no intervention, G1); group receiving hydrolyzed protein diet, followed by metronidazole administration (G2); and group receiving metronidazole only (G3). Microbiome composition was evaluated with sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based dysbiosis index. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of fecal and serum samples was performed, followed by targeted assays for fecal BAs and lactate. Results: No changes were observed in G1, or G2 during diet change. Metronidazole significantly changed microbiome composition in G2 and G3, including decreases in richness (P < .001) and in key bacteria such as Fusobacteria (q < 0.001) that did not fully resolve 4 weeks after metronidazole discontinuation. Fecal dysbiosis index was significantly increased (P < .001). Those changes were accompanied by increased fecal total lactate (P < .001), and decreased secondary BAs deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid (P < .001).

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Distribution and characterization of Clostridium difficile isolated from dogs in Japan

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

The duration of antibiotic treatment is associated with carriage of toxigenic and atoxigenic strains ofClostridioides difficilein dogs

The duration of antibiotic treatment is associated with carriage of toxigenic and atoxigenic strains ofClostridioides difficilein dogs

The Role of the Canine Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Health and Gastrointestinal Disease

Effects of metronidazole on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in healthy dogs

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