Outbreaks of enterovirus D68 in Malaysia: genetic relatedness to the recent US outbreak strains

Ng, Kim Tien; Oong, Xiang Yong; Pang, Yong Kek; Hanafi, Nik Sherina; Kamarulzaman, Adeeba; Tee, Kok Keng

doi:10.1038/emi.2015.47

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…) respiratory infection in adults,7 which is consistent with the high seroprevalence rates possibly conferring protection in adults observed in the present study. With the recent pandemic of COVID-19, emphasizing the need for surveillance of respiratory infections, this is an opportune time to initiate and maintain surveillance of EV-D68 to truly understand the disease burden, particularly in children.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…The circulating EV‐D68 reported in other parts of Asia is also mainly clade B, similar to Malaysia 7 . Future work should include the use of contemporary strains such as clade B for the neutralization assay to determine if it is similar to the prototype Fermon strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Similarly, low levels of EV‐D68 infection were detected among adult patients with respiratory infections in Kuala Lumpur from 2012 to 2014, but in the absence of routine detection and surveillance, overall EV‐D68 incidence is unknown. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that some of the 2014 United States outbreak strains had similarities with the Malaysian and other Asian EV‐D68 strains, suggesting their global circulation 7 . In Malaysia, the prevalence of EV‐D68 before and after the August 2014 US nationwide outbreaks remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroepidemiology of enterovirus D68 infection in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia between 2013 and 2015

Chan

Sam

Nayan

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an emerging respiratory pathogen since the 2014 outbreak in the United States. A low level of virus circulation has been reported in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in the past. However, the extent of the infection in Malaysia is not known. In the present study, we determine the seroepidemiology of EV-D68 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, before and after the United States outbreak in August 2014. A luciferasebased seroneutralization test was developed using a clone-derived prototype Fermon strain carrying a nanoluciferase marker. We screened the neutralization capacity of 450 serum samples from children and adults (1-89 years old) collected between 2013 and 2015. EV-D68 seropositivity increased with age, with children aged 1-3 showing significantly lower seroprevalence compared to adults. Multivariate analysis showed that older age groups 13-49 years (odds ratio [OR] = 4.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.69-8.49; p < 0.0001) and ≥50 years (OR = 3.83; 95% CI = 2.19-6.68; p < 0.0001) were more likely to be EV-D68 seropositive than children <13 years. Sampling post-September 2014 compared to pre-Sept 2014 also predicted seropositivity (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.04-2.65). The presence of neutralizing antibodies against EV-D68 in the study population suggests that EV-D68 was circulating before 2014. A higher seropositivity post-September 2014 suggests that Malaysia also experienced an upsurge in EV-D68 infections after the United States outbreaks in August 2014. A low seropositivity rate observed in children, especially those aged 1-3 years old, suggests that they are at risk and should be prioritized for future vaccination.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroepidemiology of enterovirus D68 infection in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia between 2013 and 2015

Chan

Sam

Nayan

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…The sample with EV-D68 positive was not identified by NxTAG assay initially and a repeat PCR using specific primers was positive, suggesting lower sensitivity or primer mismatch in the initial testing. A partial VP1 sequence was obtained and this strain was from the A1 clade, which has been previously reported in Malaysia in 2012 [36] . Additionally, human papillomavirus type 4 was detected in one sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Detection of respiratory viruses in adults with suspected COVID-19 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Chong

Chan

Jamaluddin

et al. 2021

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…Similar observations were noticed in the emergence of highly pathogenic H5N1 and low pathogenic H5N1 viruses ( Monne et al, 2014 ). A study from Malaysia suggested that the North American EV-D68 outbreak strain was probably descended from lineages of Thailand and Malaysia ( Ng et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Distribution and Evolutionary History of Enterovirus D68, with Emphasis on the 2014 Outbreak in Ontario, Canada

et al. 2017

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Despite its first appearance in 1962, human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been recognized as an emerging respiratory pathogen in the last decade when it caused outbreaks and clusters in several countries including Japan, the Philippines, and the Netherlands. The most recent and largest outbreak of EV-D68 associated with severe respiratory illness took place in North America between August 2014 and January 2015. Between September 1 and October 31 2014, EV-D68 infection was laboratory confirmed among 153/907 (16.9%) persons tested for the virus in Ontario, Canada, using real time RT-PCR and subsequent genotyping by sequencing of partial VP1 gene. In order to understand the evolutionary history of the 2014 North American EV-D68 outbreak, we conducted phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses using available partial VP1 genes (n = 469) and NCBI available whole genome sequences (WGS) (n = 38). The global EV-D68 phylogenetic tree (n = 469) reconfirms the divergence of three distinct clades A, B, and C from the prototype EV-D68 Fermon strain as previously documented. Two sub-clades (B1 and B2) were identified, with most 2014 EV-D68 outbreak strains belonging to sub-cluster B2b2 (one of the two emerging clusters within sub-clade B2), with two signature substitutions T650A and M700V in BC and DE loops of VP1 gene, respectively. The close homology between WGS of strains from Ontario (n = 2) and USA (n = 21) in the recent EV-D68 outbreak suggests genetic relatedness and also a common source for the outbreak. The time of most recent common ancestor of EV-D68 and the 2014 EV-D68 outbreak strain suggest that the viruses possibly emerged during 1960–1961 and 2012–2013, respectively. We observed lower mean evolutionary rates of global EV-D68 using WGS data than estimated with partial VP1 gene sequences. Based on WGS data, the estimated mean rate of evolution of the EV-D68 B2b cluster was 9.75 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year (95% BCI 4.11 × 10-3 to 16 × 10-3).

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Outbreaks of enterovirus D68 in Malaysia: genetic relatedness to the recent US outbreak strains

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Seroepidemiology of enterovirus D68 infection in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia between 2013 and 2015

Seroepidemiology of enterovirus D68 infection in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia between 2013 and 2015

Detection of respiratory viruses in adults with suspected COVID-19 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Global Distribution and Evolutionary History of Enterovirus D68, with Emphasis on the 2014 Outbreak in Ontario, Canada

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