A serosurvey for selected pathogens in Greek European wild boar

Touloudi, Antonia; Valiakos, George; Athanasiou, Labrini V.; Birtsas, Periklis; Giannakopoulos, A.; Papaspyropoulos, Konstantinos G.; Kalaitzis, C.; Sokos, Christos; Tsokana, Constantina N.; Spyrou, Vassiliki; Petrovska, Liljana; Billinis, Charalambos

doi:10.1136/vetreco-2014-000077

Cited by 52 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Antibodies against PRRSV were detected in wild boars in 12.8% of tested animals in Greece (Touloudi et al, 2015) or in 1.9% of tested animals in Spain (Cano-Manuel et al, 2014), other Fig. 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The presence of antibodies against viral pathogens or viral nucleic acids of viral pathogens representing a serious economic threat was confirmed in several epidemiological studies; it refers particularly to African swine fever virus (ASFV) (Wo zniakowski et al, 2015), classical swine fever virus (CSFV) (recently reviewed by Moenning, 2015), and Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) (Meier et al, 2015). However, not so much is known about other prevalent viral diseases of swine such as porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A virus (IAV), porcine parvovirus (PPV) (Gonzáles-Barrio et al, 2015;Sliz et al, 2015;Touloudi et al, 2015). Unexpectedly, specific antibodies against Schmallenberg virus (SBV) were detected in wild boars (Mouchantat et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological survey of enteric viruses in wild boars in the Czech Republic: First evidence of close relationship between wild boar and human rotavirus A strains

Moutelíková

Dufková

Kamler

et al. 2016

Veterinary Microbiology

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Population of wild boar is increasing in the whole Europe, the animals migrate close to human habitats which greatly increases the possibility of natural transmission between domestic animals or humans and wild boars. The aim of the study was to estimate in population of free-living wild boar in the Czech Republic the prevalence of enteric viral pathogens, namely rotavirus groups A and C (RVA and RVC), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and members of family Coronaviridae (transmissible gastroenteritis virus - TGEV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus - PEDV, porcine respiratory coronavirus - PRCV, and porcine hemagglutination encephalomyelitis virus - PHEV) and Picornaviridae,(teschovirus A - PTV, sapelovirus A - PSV, and enterovirus G - EV-G). In our study, stool samples from 203 wild boars culled during hunting season 2014-2015 (from October to January) were examined by RT-PCR. RVA was detected in 2.5% of tested samples. Nucleotide analysis of VP7, VP4, and VP6 genes revealed that four RVA strains belong to G4P[25]I1, G4P[6]I5, G11P[13]I5, and G5P[13]I5 genotypes and phylogenetic analysis suggested close relation to porcine and human RVAs. The prevalence of RVC in wild boar population reached 12.8%, PTV was detected in 20.2%, PSV in 8.9%, and EV-G in 2.5% of samples. During our study no PRRSV or coronaviruses were detected. Our study provides the first evidence of RVC prevalence in wild boars and indicates that wild boars might contribute to the genetic variability of RVA and also serve as an important reservoir of other enteric viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological survey of enteric viruses in wild boars in the Czech Republic: First evidence of close relationship between wild boar and human rotavirus A strains

Moutelíková

Dufková

Kamler

et al. 2016

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…EURL, European Union Reference Laboratory; WB, Western blot. Boadella et al 2012, Touloudi et al 2015; however, the results are not directly comparable due to methodological differences (sample type, antigens, dilutions, cutoffs), the Trichinella species present, and the lifestyle of the wild boars investigated (farmed or free ranging). The confirmed seroprevalence estimate was 10 times higher than the infection prevalence estimate (1.5%) obtained using artificial digestion (European Food Safety Authority 2015) and substantially higher than the seroprevalence estimates reported from other countries (Van der Giessen et al 2001, Antolova et al 2006, Bien 2006, 2007, Frey et al 2009, Payne et al 2011, Boadella et al 2012, Jokelainen et al 2012, Touloudi et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Cross-Sectional Study of Anti-Trichinella Antibody Prevalence in Domestic Pigs and Hunted Wild Boars in Estonia

Kärssin

Velström

Morales

et al. 2016

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Trichinella spp. are relevant zoonotic pathogens in Estonia. The aim of this nationwide cross-sectional study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Trichinella spp. in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) and hunted wild boars (Sus scrofa). Serum samples from 374 pigs, originating from 14 farms, and meat juice samples from 470 wild boars were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies against Trichinella excretory/secretory antigens using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies against Trichinella were not detected in the domestic pigs, indicating effective parasite control strategies in the farms. By contrast, 42.1% of the wild boars tested positive, indicating substantial infection pressure in the sylvatic cycle. Further analysis of a subset of the wild boar samples, using another ELISA and Western blot, yielded a confirmed seroprevalence estimate of 17.4%. A substantial proportion of wild boars in Estonia had evidence of exposure to Trichinella spp. and may have carried infective larvae. Undercooked Estonian wild boar meat is a potential source of Trichinella spp. infections to humans and other hosts.

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“…In contrast, isolation of S. enterica subsp. diarizonae from lambs of one flock has indicated an outbreak of disease caused by that organism, which is a pathogen of wild boar and reptiles (Chiari et al, 2013;Marin et al, 2013;Wikström et al, 2014;Touloudi et al, 2015). Environmental infection into the farm barns might have led to subsequent infection of the newborns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissemination of intestinal pathogens between lambs and puppies in sheep farms

Chatzopoulos

Sarrou

Vasileiou

et al. 2016

Small Ruminant Research

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a b s t r a c tObjectives of the present work were (i) to confirm pathogens implicated in cases of diarrhoea in newborn and young lambs in sheep farms in Greece and (ii) to investigate a possible relation in dissemination of pathogens between lambs and dogs present in the farm. Work was carried out in 22 sheep farms, with (i) flock size over 150 animals, (ii) presence of clinical signs of diarrhoea in lambs in the flock and (iii) close and continuous contact and movement of shepherd dogs within the animal shed of each farm. Faecal sample collection from lambs was performed within 48 h of onset of clinical signs and prior to administration of any antimicrobial or antiparasitic medication to lambs. Faecal samples were also collected from puppies in the farm. In total, samples were collected from 126 lambs and 58 puppies. Samples were processed by using established techniques for isolation of bacteria, detection of viruses and observation of protozoan oocycts. Escherichia coli isolates obtained during the study, were tested for antimicrobial resistance against a variety of antimicrobial agents. In total, 236 bacterial isolates were recovered from faecal samples of lambs and 165 isolates from faecal samples of puppies. E. coli was the most frequently isolated microorganism: 104 isolates from lambs and 109 isolates from puppies were recovered. Other bacteria isolated were Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., (lambs and puppies), Clostridium perfringens, Citrobacter freundi, Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae (only lambs) and Streptococcus spp. (only puppies). Group A Rotavirus was detected in samples from lambs (2.5%) and Parvovirus in samples from puppies (5%). Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were observed in samples from lambs and puppies. This is the first report of isolation of S. enterica subsp. diarizonae and of detection of Rotavirus from lambs in Greece. Rates of E. coli isolates from puppies resistant to antimicrobial agents were, in general, smaller than respective rates in isolates from lambs. Two pairs of isolates from the same farm (one from a lamb and one from a puppy) with identical patterns of resistance to antimicrobial agents were detected, which provides some evidence in support of a hypothesis that members of each pair might possibly have been spread from one animal species to the other.

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A serosurvey for selected pathogens in Greek European wild boar

Cited by 52 publications

References 37 publications

Epidemiological survey of enteric viruses in wild boars in the Czech Republic: First evidence of close relationship between wild boar and human rotavirus A strains

Epidemiological survey of enteric viruses in wild boars in the Czech Republic: First evidence of close relationship between wild boar and human rotavirus A strains

Cross-Sectional Study of Anti-Trichinella Antibody Prevalence in Domestic Pigs and Hunted Wild Boars in Estonia

Dissemination of intestinal pathogens between lambs and puppies in sheep farms

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