Interference of Monovalent, Bivalent, and Trivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccines on Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity in Rural Bangladesh

Emperador, Devy; Velásquez, Daniel E.; Estívariz, Concepción F.; Lopman, Ben; Jiang, Baoming; Parashar, Umesh D.; Anand, Abhijeet; Zaman, Khalequ

doi:10.1093/cid/civ807

Cited by 56 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, the presence of biomarkers of environmental enteropathy has been associated with diminished RV5 vaccine seroconversion in infants 123 . In addition, in low-income countries that administer the oral polio vaccine, co-administration of this vaccine with oral rotavirus vaccines reduces the immunogenicity of the rotavirus vaccines 124 . Other factors that can alter the immunogenicity of rotavirus vaccines include the presence of maternal antibodies and host genetic differences.…”

Section: Diagnosis Screening and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus infection

Crawford

Ramani

Tate

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Dis Primers

526

558

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rotavirus infections are a leading cause of severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age. Despite the global introduction of vaccinations for rotavirus over a decade ago, rotavirus infections still result in >200,000 deaths annually, mostly in low-income countries. Rotavirus primarily infects enterocytes and induces diarrhoea through the destruction of absorptive enterocytes (leading to malabsorption), intestinal secretion stimulated by rotavirus non-structural protein 4 and activation of the enteric nervous system. In addition, rotavirus infections can lead to antigenaemia (which is associated with more severe manifestations of acute gastroenteritis) and viraemia, and rotavirus can replicate in systemic sites, although this is limited. Reinfections with rotavirus are common throughout life, although the disease severity is reduced with repeat infections. The immune correlates of protection against rotavirus reinfection and recovery from infection are poorly understood, although rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin A has a role in both aspects. The management of rotavirus infection focuses on the prevention and treatment of dehydration, although the use of antiviral and anti-emetic drugs can be indicated in some cases.

show abstract

Section: Diagnosis Screening and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus infection

Crawford

Ramani

Tate

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Dis Primers

526

558

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The situation for rotavirus vaccines may be more complex -while the first dose of either Rotarix or RotaTeq has generally proven to be less immunogenic when administered with OPV than without, after a full course antibody titers are similar in these groups [134]. Nonetheless, among infants in Bangladesh who received Rotarix at 6 and 10 weeks of age, concomitant OPV administration during at least one of these doses was associated with a reduction in rotavirus seroconversion rate (47%) compared with staggered vaccine administration (≥1 day apart) at both doses (63%) [135]. Thus, it is possible that the continued use of OPV in developing countries (as opposed to the IPV-only schedules generally adopted in high-income countries) contributes to the geographic discrepancies observed in rotavirus vaccine performance.…”

Section: Enteric Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a review of Rotarix trials, baseline rotavirus-specific IgA seropositivity (indicative of prior virus exposure) was rare in studies performed in Europe and North America but was observed in up to 26% of participants in higher-burden settings [174]. A reduction in vaccine immunogenicity among infants positive for rotavirus-specific IgA was recently observed during studies of Rotarix conducted in Zambia [23], Bangladesh [135] and South Africa [36], but not in India [175]. Pre-vaccination exposure seems to have a similar effect on the immunogenicity of oral cholera vaccines, including both live-attenuated [11,93,176] and inactivated vaccines [96,177,178].…”

Section: Transmission Intensity and Strain Diversity Of The Infectious mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Causes of Impaired Oral Vaccine Efficacy in Developing Countries

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oral vaccines are less immunogenic when given to infants in low-income compared with high-income countries, limiting their potential public health impact. Here, we review factors that might contribute to this phenomenon, including transplacental antibodies, breastfeeding, histo blood group antigens, enteric pathogens, malnutrition, microbiota dysbiosis and environmental enteropathy. We highlight several clear risk factors for vaccine failure, such as the inhibitory effect of enteroviruses on oral poliovirus vaccine. We also highlight the ambiguous and at times contradictory nature of the available evidence, which undoubtedly reflects the complex and interconnected nature of the factors involved. Mechanisms responsible for diminished immunogenicity may be specific to each oral vaccine. Interventions aiming to improve vaccine performance may need to reflect the diversity of these mechanisms. Enteric pathogens are a substantial threat to public health. This threat takes many forms, from the toxin-producing bacteria (e.g., Vibrio cholerae) and flagellated protozoa (e.g., Giardia lamblia) that colonize the mucosal surface of the small intestine to the enteroviruses that are capable of spreading via the bloodstream to the CNS, causing acute flaccid paralysis (e.g., poliovirus). Each year, enteric pathogens cause hundreds of millions of cases of diarrhea and approximately 800,000 deaths, the vast majority of which occur among children in low-income countries [1]. The most common causes of childhood diarrheal morbidity include rotavirus, Cryptosporidium, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Shigella [2].Vaccines against enteric pathogens are important tools for mitigating this disease burden. Oral vaccines offer several distinct benefits compared with parenteral vaccines. They can be produced in large quantities at relatively low cost, are easy to administer and have the capacity to induce local immunity in the intestinal mucosa, thereby protecting vaccinated individuals against subsequent infection and -by blocking onward transmission -enhancing herd immunity [3,4]. Currently licensed oral vaccines include live-attenuated poliovirus vaccines containing one, two or three serotypes, live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines (Rotarix R , RotaTeq R , Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine [China only] and Rotavac R [India only]), live-attenuated cholera vaccine (CVD 103-HgR or Vaxchora TM ), inactivated cholera vaccines (Dukoral R and Shanchol R ) and live-attenuated typhoid vaccine (Ty21a). Other oral vaccines are in development, including those against Shigella, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter and Clostridium difficile, as well as several novel rotavirus vaccine candidates (including the human neonatal vaccine RV3-BB [5] and an oral bovine pentavalent vaccine [6]).Yet oral vaccines have an Achilles' heel -their immunogenicity and efficacy is impaired in low-income countries that experience the greatest burden of enteric disease (Box 1). For example, Rotarix has a 1-year protective efficacy against severe rotavirus-associated gas...

show abstract

“…Bivalent and monovalent OPVs containing only poliovirus type 1 and/or 3 are increasingly used in vaccination campaigns, and bivalent OPV will soon be introduced into routine immunization schedules globally. Devy Emperador, from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), assessed the potential interference of coadministration of these OPV formulations on Rotarix immunogenicity through a post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial of OPV among healthy infants in Matlab, Bangladesh (26). Infants were randomized to receive three doses of monovalent OPV type 1 (mOPV) or bivalent OPV (bOPV) at 6, 8, and 10 weeks of age or at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age or tOPV at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlights of the 8th International Conference on Vaccines for Enteric Diseases: the Scottish Encounter To Defeat Diarrheal Diseases

Tennant

Steele

Pasetti

2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infectious diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and of mortality; the burden of disease affects individuals of all ages but particularly young children, especially those living in poor regions where the disease is endemic. It is also a health concern for international travelers to these areas. Experts on vaccines and enteric infections and advocates for global health improvement gathered in Scotland from 8 to 10 July 2015 to discuss recent advances in the assessment and understanding of the burden of enteric diseases and progress in the development and implementation of strategies to prevent these infections. Highlights of the meeting included description of advances in molecular assays to estimate pathogen-specific prevalence, methods to model epidemiologic trends, novel approaches to generate broad-spectrum vaccines, new initiatives to evaluate vaccine performance where they are most needed, renewed interest in human challenge models, immunological readouts as predictors of vaccine efficacy, maternal immunization to prevent enteric infections, and the impact of maternal immunity on the vaccine take of infants. A follow-up scientific gathering to advance Shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine efforts will be held from 28 to 30 June 2016 in Washington, DC. E nteric infections and diarrhea represent a major global cause of disease burden and of death and disability, primarily in lessdeveloped regions of the world (1). The most affected are children under 5 years of age and special groups, e.g., immunocompromised, the elderly, and pregnant women. Acute infectious diarrhea is also a health concern for travelers to areas where the disease is endemic, as it may require hospitalization and have chronic sequelae. Scientists from academia and government, vaccine producers, and public health advocates, including funding sponsors from around the world, gathered at the 8th International Conference on Vaccines for Enteric Diseases (VED) in Edinburgh, Scotland, to discuss recent progress in our understanding of enteric disease etiology, new methods of surveillance, the increasing awareness of the long-lasting health impairment associated with enteric infections, the development and evaluation of new vaccine candidates, and introduction of vaccines into existing immunization schedules and in emergency situations and in high-risk groups, among many other topics. Knowledge gaps were identified, as was the need for more frequent exchange of information and interactions within the research community to accelerate the development and implementation of preventive tools. This meeting highlight summarizes the main findings presented at the VED meeting and discussions and recommendations made, particularly the progress in vaccine development and clinical evaluation efforts.Prevalence of Shigella and ETEC and broad effects associated with infection. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) revealed that Shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are among the top five major causes of moderate to s...

show abstract

Interference of Monovalent, Bivalent, and Trivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccines on Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity in Rural Bangladesh

Cited by 56 publications

References 31 publications

Rotavirus infection

Rotavirus infection

Causes of Impaired Oral Vaccine Efficacy in Developing Countries

Highlights of the 8th International Conference on Vaccines for Enteric Diseases: the Scottish Encounter To Defeat Diarrheal Diseases

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About