“…(1) bias towards upregulation of gene expression, (2) cellular stress responses including upregulation of genes involved in protein folding, protein ubiquitination, proteasome and DNA repair functions, (3) upregulation of genes involved in mRNA expression, RNA processing and pre-mRNA splicing, and (4) enriched differential expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways (Itoi et al, 2003;Gracey et al, 2004;Vornanen et al, 2005;Chou et al, 2008;Castilho et al, 2009;Vergauwen et al, 2010;Long et al, 2012Long et al, , 2013Scott and Johnston, 2012;Jayasundara et al, 2013Jayasundara et al, , 2015Rebl et al, 2013;Bilyk and Cheng, 2014;Mininni et al, 2014;Morris et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014;Hu et al, 2015;Liang et al, 2015;Verleih et al, 2015;Healy et al, 2017;Ikeda et al, 2017;Metzger and Schulte, 2018). However, the direction of differential expression of metabolic genes is species-specific and likely indicates differences in metabolic strategy (i.e.…”