After 50 years and 200 papers, what can the Midspan cohort studies tell us about our mortality?

Gruer, Laurence; Hart, Carole

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2015.06.017

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The prevalence of smoking in this study is significantly lower than recently released national data on men from the South African Demographic and Health survey in which it was reported that 36% of black adult men smoke tobacco products, but similar in black women who reported a 3% prevalence of tobacco smoking. Although associated with a lower BMI in this study, smoking is a major risk factor for premature mortality [27], NCDs and cardiovascular disease [28], independent of BMI, and is therefore a lifestyle behaviour that must be avoided. Further, smoking has been associated with greater central adiposity [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic, socio-economic and behavioural correlates of BMI in middle-aged black men and women from urban Johannesburg, South Africa

Micklesfield

Kagura

Munthali

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: There is a high and increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in South Africans of all ages. Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity must be identified to provide targets for intervention. Objective: To identify the demographic, socio-economic and behavioural factors associated with body mass index (BMI) in middle-aged black South African men and women. Methods: Data on demographic and socio-economic factors were collected via questionnaire on 1027 men and 1008 women from Soweto Johannesburg, South Africa. Weight and height were measured and BMI was determined. Behavioural factors included tobacco use and consumption of alcohol, and physical activity data were collected using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Menopausal status was determined for the women, and HIV status was available for 93.6% of the men and 39.9% of the women. Results: Significantly more women were overweight or obese than men (87.9 vs. 44.9%). Smoking prevalence (current or former) and minutes spent in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity was significantly different between the sexes (both p < 0.0001). In the final hierarchical model, marital status (+ married/cohabiting), household asset score (+), current smoking (-), moderate to vigorous physical activity (-) and HIV status (- HIV infected) significantly contributed to 26% of the variance in BMI in the men. In the women, home language (Tswana-speaking compared to Zulu-speaking), marital status (+ unmarried/cohabiting), education (-), current smoking (-) and HIV status (- HIV infected) significantly contributed to 14% of the variance in BMI. Conclusions: The sex difference in BMI and the prevalence of overweight and obesity between black South African men and women from Soweto, as well as the sex-specific associations with various demographic, socio-economic and behavioural factors, highlight the need for more tailored interventions to slow down the obesity epidemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic, socio-economic and behavioural correlates of BMI in middle-aged black men and women from urban Johannesburg, South Africa

Micklesfield

Kagura

Munthali

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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“…The difference in educational level between the groups can possible skew the results, since level of education may have an influence on psychological stress [33, 34], but performing unadjusted and adjusted ANOVA educational level did not influence the stress level (GHQ, IES and EPDS), except in adjusted analysis for IES arousal. See S1 Table.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal psychological responses during pregnancy after ultrasonographic detection of structural fetal anomalies: A prospective longitudinal observational study

et al. 2017

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In this longitudinal prospective observational study performed at a tertiary perinatal referral centre, we aimed to assess maternal distress in pregnancy in women with ultrasound findings of fetal anomaly and compare this with distress in pregnant women with normal ultrasound findings. Pregnant women with a structural fetal anomaly (n = 48) and normal ultrasound (n = 105) were included. We administered self-report questionnaires (General Health Questionnaire-28, Impact of Event Scale-22 [IES], and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) a few days following ultrasound detection of a fetal anomaly or a normal ultrasound (T1), 3 weeks post-ultrasound (T2), and at 30 (T3) and 36 weeks gestation (T4). Social dysfunction, health perception, and psychological distress (intrusion, avoidance, arousal, anxiety, and depression) were the main outcome measures. The median gestational age at T1 was 20 and 19 weeks in the group with and without fetal anomaly, respectively. In the fetal anomaly group, all psychological distress scores were highest at T1. In the group with a normal scan, distress scores were stable throughout pregnancy. At all assessments, the fetal anomaly group scored significantly higher (especially on depression-related questions) compared to the normal scan group, except on the IES Intrusion and Arousal subscales at T4, although with large individual differences. In conclusion, women with a known fetal anomaly initially had high stress scores, which gradually decreased, resembling those in women with a normal pregnancy. Psychological stress levels were stable and low during the latter half of gestation in women with a normal pregnancy.

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“…Much evidence points to material disadvantage and air pollution in early years and culturally mediated behaviours including smoking, drinking alcohol and unhealthy eating, which may be less prevalent in some ethnic minority groups 21. The possibility that people who migrate to another country, particularly over long distances, may be intrinsically healthier on average than those they leave behind (the healthy migrant effect) may also play a part 22.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life expectancy of different ethnic groups using death records linked to population census data for 4.62 million people in Scotland

Gruer

Cézard

Clark

et al. 2016

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundFew countries record the data needed to estimate life expectancy by ethnic group. Such information is helpful in assessing the extent of health inequality.MethodLife tables were created using 3 years of deaths (May 2001–April 2004) linked to Scottish 2001 Census data for 4.62 million individuals with self-reported ethnicity. We created 8 ethnic groups based on the census definitions, each with at least 5000 individuals and 40 deaths. Life expectancy at birth was calculated using the revised Chiang method.ResultsThe life expectancy of White Scottish males at birth was 74.7 years (95% CI 74.6 to 74.8), similar to Mixed Background (73.0; 70.2 to 75.8) and White Irish (75.0; 74.0 to 75.9), but shorter than Indian (80.9; 78.4 to 83.4), Pakistani (79.3; 76.9 to 81.6), Chinese (79.0; 76.5 to 81.5), Other White British (78.9; 78.6 to 79.2) and Other White (77.2; 76.4 to 78.1). The life expectancy of White Scottish females was 79.4 years (79.3 to 79.5), similar to mixed background (79.3; 76.6 to 82.0), but shorter than Pakistani (84.6; 82.0 to 87.3), Chinese (83.4; 81.1 to 85.7), Indian (83.3; 80.7 to 85.9), Other White British (82.6; 82.3 to 82.9), other White (82.0; 81.3 to 82.8) and White Irish (81; 80.2 to 81.8).ConclusionsMales and females in most of the larger ethnic minority groups in Scotland have longer life expectancies than the majority White Scottish population.

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After 50 years and 200 papers, what can the Midspan cohort studies tell us about our mortality?

Abstract: These studies highlight the cumulative effect of adverse exposures throughout life, the complex interplay between social circumstances, culture and individual capabilities, and the damaging effects of smoking, air pollution, alcohol and obesity.

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Demographic, socio-economic and behavioural correlates of BMI in middle-aged black men and women from urban Johannesburg, South Africa

Demographic, socio-economic and behavioural correlates of BMI in middle-aged black men and women from urban Johannesburg, South Africa

Maternal psychological responses during pregnancy after ultrasonographic detection of structural fetal anomalies: A prospective longitudinal observational study

Life expectancy of different ethnic groups using death records linked to population census data for 4.62 million people in Scotland

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