“…Glucosinolate-containing plants have also been used in biofumigation to control soil pests and weeds [ 11 ], and several ITCs have been shown to inhibit seed germination [ 12 , 13 ]. Applying ITCs directly onto plant leaves leads to phytotoxic effects such as chlorosis, cell death and reduced growth, and can ultimately lead to plant death [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. At the plant cellular level ITCs have so far been shown to trigger the closure of stomata, to lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), to lead to glutathione depletion, to affect the cell cycle, to disintegrate microtubules, to inhibit actin-mediated intracellular transport, and to lead to important changes in gene expression profiles in Arabidopsis thaliana [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”