Preparation of yolk–shell structured copper oxide@silica oxide spheres and their application in high performance electrochemical sensing of Formoterol fumarate residues in swine feed and tissues
“…A material used for the fabrication of working electrodes is more essential for the quantification of electroactive molecule 22 – 24 such as FLFT. Until now, only a few electrochemical works were reported in the literature for the detection of FLFT at different sensing materials such as yolk–shell structured copper oxide at silica oxide spheres 25 , suberic acid-functionalized CuO nanoflowers 26 , and glassy carbon electrode 27 . These electrodes need high price, laborious pre-treatment processes, and provide a lower or nearer sensitivity and selectivity.…”
The current study explicates the electro-oxidation behavior of formoterol fumarate (FLFT) in the presence of uric acid (UA) on the surface of poly thiazole yellow-G (TY-G) layered multi-walled carbon nanotube paste electrode (MWCNTPE). The modified (Poly(TY-G)LMWCNTPE) and unmodified (MWCNTPE) electrode materials were characterized through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) approaches. The characterization data confirms the good conducting and electrocatalytic nature with more electrochemical active sites on the Poly(TY-G)LMWCNTPE than MWCNTPE towards the FLFT analysis in the presence of UA. Poly(TY-G)LMWCNTPE easily separates the two drugs (FLFT and UA) even though they both have nearer oxidation peak potential. The electro-catalytic activity of the developed electrode is fast and clear for FLFT electro-oxidation in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) of pH 6.5. The Poly(TY-G)LMWCNTPE offered a well-resolved peak with the highest electro-oxidation peak current at the peak potential of 0.538 V than MWCNTPE. The potential scan rate and oxidation peak growth time studies show the electrode reaction towards FLFT electro-oxidation is continued through a diffusion-controlled step. The variation of concentration of FLFT in the range from 0.2 to 1.5 µM (absence of UA) and 3.0 to 8.0 μM (presence of UA) provides a good linear relationship with increased peak current and a lower limit of detection (LOD) values of 0.0128 µM and 0.0129 µM, respectively. The prepared electrode gives a fine recovery for the detection of FLFT in the medicinal sample with acceptable repeatability, stability, and reproducibility.
“…A material used for the fabrication of working electrodes is more essential for the quantification of electroactive molecule 22 – 24 such as FLFT. Until now, only a few electrochemical works were reported in the literature for the detection of FLFT at different sensing materials such as yolk–shell structured copper oxide at silica oxide spheres 25 , suberic acid-functionalized CuO nanoflowers 26 , and glassy carbon electrode 27 . These electrodes need high price, laborious pre-treatment processes, and provide a lower or nearer sensitivity and selectivity.…”
The current study explicates the electro-oxidation behavior of formoterol fumarate (FLFT) in the presence of uric acid (UA) on the surface of poly thiazole yellow-G (TY-G) layered multi-walled carbon nanotube paste electrode (MWCNTPE). The modified (Poly(TY-G)LMWCNTPE) and unmodified (MWCNTPE) electrode materials were characterized through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) approaches. The characterization data confirms the good conducting and electrocatalytic nature with more electrochemical active sites on the Poly(TY-G)LMWCNTPE than MWCNTPE towards the FLFT analysis in the presence of UA. Poly(TY-G)LMWCNTPE easily separates the two drugs (FLFT and UA) even though they both have nearer oxidation peak potential. The electro-catalytic activity of the developed electrode is fast and clear for FLFT electro-oxidation in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) of pH 6.5. The Poly(TY-G)LMWCNTPE offered a well-resolved peak with the highest electro-oxidation peak current at the peak potential of 0.538 V than MWCNTPE. The potential scan rate and oxidation peak growth time studies show the electrode reaction towards FLFT electro-oxidation is continued through a diffusion-controlled step. The variation of concentration of FLFT in the range from 0.2 to 1.5 µM (absence of UA) and 3.0 to 8.0 μM (presence of UA) provides a good linear relationship with increased peak current and a lower limit of detection (LOD) values of 0.0128 µM and 0.0129 µM, respectively. The prepared electrode gives a fine recovery for the detection of FLFT in the medicinal sample with acceptable repeatability, stability, and reproducibility.
“…1a) shows a strong absorption at 1114 cm -1 due to bridging (Cu-O-Cu) vibration due to the formation of nanocluster of CuO. The vibration band at 480 cm -1 for the sample can be attributed to the vibrations of m(Cu-O) bond, confirming the formation of CuO nanoparticles [26]. The three peaks at 3562 cm -1 (sharp), 3478 cm -1 (sharp) and 3253 cm -1 (broad) are associated with free m(O-H) and hydrogen bonding m(O-H) of CuO crystallizing water molecules, respectively.…”
Section: Ftir Spectramentioning
confidence: 86%
“…1e) shows the absorption bands at 2930 and 1560 cm -1 due to the m(C-H) of aliphatic hydrocarbons and d(N-H) of amine group which provide evidence for the introduction of the organofunctional ligand groups onto the meso-silica-coated layer. These assignments were based on IR spectral data of similar systems [18,25,26,28]. …”
Section: Ftir Spectramentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The introduction of silica coating on CuO nanomaterial is substantially rather difficult, due to its high surface energy activity and its large surface area, and therefore, copper oxide nanoparticles could be easily agglomerated. However, only few articles have been devoted to preparation of silica-coated copper oxide composites in which CuO nanoparticles of different concentrations are imbedded into the host matrices [25,26].…”
Silica-or meso-silica-or silica-meso-silicacoated copper oxide microspheres were prepared based on base hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of CuO and CTAB. Functionalization with amine or thiol organofunctional groups was conducted onto the surface of silica-meso-silica-coated copper oxide microspheres (Scheme 1). The silica-coated CuO composites and their amine-or thiol-functionalized materials have been characterized by TEM, XRD, TGA, FTIR and UV/Vis. TEM analysis showed that the CuO nanoparticles were encapsulated and dispersed into the silica or meso-silica microspheres. XRD analysis indicated that the size of CuO nanoparticles has decreased after coating with silica precursors. TGA and FTIR results indicated that the mesosilica-coated copper oxide materials have been successfully grafted by amine and thiol organofunctional groups.
Graphical Abstract
“…Gan, T., et. al., (2016) [11] demonstrated the potential application of copper oxide@silica oxide spheres as the effective electrode material to determine FF in swine feed samples.…”
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