Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Osteomyelitis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Patients: A Case Series

Kobayashi, Tetsuro; Morino, Eriko; Jin, Tao; Nagahara, Yoshinori; Sugiyama, Haruhito

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2015.100

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…CD3 + CD4 + IFN-γ + cell numbers increased rapidly, but then declined at the fourth week after infection, whereas we observed a rapid increase in CD3 + CD4 + IL4 + cells and large production of IL-10 or TGF-β. Some immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β have previously been confirmed to negatively influence the production of TNF and IFN-γ during mycobacterial infection [20]; therefore, we observed low inductions of TNF-α and IFN-γ from the fourth week, which were associated with the emergence of a high level IL-10 or TGF-β production. The function of Treg cells, which are characterized as CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + cells [28], during M. tuberculosis infections is not yet clear because their role has primarily been evaluated during early immune response to such infections [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

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Mycobacterium vaccaeinduces a strong Th1 response that subsequently declines in C57BL/6 mice

et al. 2016

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Mycobacterium (M.) vaccae is a fast-growing species of saprophytic bacteria that is widely distributed. To understand the host immune responses induced by M. vaccae isolated from bovine submaxillary lymph nodes, C57BL/6 mice were infected with reference strain M. vaccae Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and isolated M. vaccae using intraperitoneal injections. Comparison of the bacterial replication and organ pathology between M. vaccae and M. vaccae BCG revealed that M. vaccae was more malignant than M. vaccae in mice. We also demonstrated that serum from the M. vaccae-infected mice contained a higher expression level of gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta than did the other groups, especially after week 4. Furthermore, when the numbers of CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD3+CD4+IL4+ cells in the infected mice were observed by flow cytometry, we found that a powerful T helper 1 (Th1) response was induced by M. vaccae infection, which was associated with the emergence of CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+ cells. However, the Th1 response declined over time, which was associated with appearance of the CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and CD4+CD25+CD152+Treg cell reaction. In addition, a strong Th2 response was found. Finally, we found that M. vaccae infection increased the production of type I IFNs, which was associated with a reduced Th1 response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…NTM are ubiquitous in the environment and induce opportunistic infections that can produce a wide range of diseases, and a large number of NTM have been isolated from mammals [20]. As opportunists, NTM cause acute or chronic infections in patients with cystic fibrosis [1], cancer [4], HIV [21] and immunosuppression [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium vaccaeinduces a strong Th1 response that subsequently declines in C57BL/6 mice

et al. 2016

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“…To our Knowledge this is the second description of a multiple spondylodiscitis secondary to atypical mycobacterial infection in patient with idiopathic CD4 Lynfhocytopenia [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Thanks to the PET/CT, we were able to highlight the vertebral involvement, which was then confirmed by the MRI of the spine and finally by the cultural examination through vertebral biopsy [13,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

A case of spondylodiscitis in patient with idiopathic Cd4+ lymphocytopenia

Giardino

2023

Open J Clin Med Case Rep

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“…NTM osteomyelitis in individuals with immune incompetence is usually a component of disseminated disease and manifests as multifocal lesions, often with vertebral involvement. 97,98 Bone and joint disease in immunocompetent patients is usually focal and occurs due to direct inoculation or extension of cutaneous infection to deep tissue. Most bone and joint infections in a predominantly immunocompetent South Korean cohort were associated with trauma, instrumentation, or steroid injection.…”

Section: Bone and Joint Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

Holt

Kasperbauer

2018

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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Extrapulmonary disease occurs in a minority of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections. The pattern of disease tends to be multifocal in immunocompromised individuals and localized in the immunocompetent. There is increasing recognition of disseminated infection, as a complication of cardiac surgery, and focal infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria. Microbiologic diagnosis requires detection of NTM in blood or tissue samples by microscopy, culture, or molecular methods. Management of extrapulmonary NTM infection requires prolonged, targeted multiple-drug therapy and, in some cases, aggressive surgical intervention. The optimal treatment approach is often unknown. Despite combined medical and surgical therapy, outcomes may be poor. A high degree of clinical suspicion and early diagnosis are required to maximize chances of a positive outcome.

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Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Osteomyelitis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Patients: A Case Series

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Mycobacterium vaccaeinduces a strong Th1 response that subsequently declines in C57BL/6 mice

Mycobacterium vaccaeinduces a strong Th1 response that subsequently declines in C57BL/6 mice

A case of spondylodiscitis in patient with idiopathic Cd4+ lymphocytopenia

Management of Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

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