Sugar composition of the pectic polysaccharides of charophytes, the closest algal relatives of land-plants: presence of 3-<i>O</i>-methyl-d-galactose residues

O’Rourke, Christina; Gregson, Timothy; Murray, Lorna; Sadler, Ian H.; Fry, Stephen C.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcv089

Cited by 48 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the chemical spray experiment, sugars, and sugar alcohols (sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, erlose, maltose, galactose, rhamnose, sorbitol) of the leaf tissue were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method as described previously (O'Rourke et al, 2015 ). Grounded dry tissue samples (20–50 mg) were extracted two-times with 2.5 ml of 80% ethanol by boiling the samples in glass tubes in a 60°C water bath for 30 min each.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar Abscisic Acid-To-Ethylene Accumulation and Response Regulate Shoot Growth Sensitivity to Mild Drought in Wheat

et al. 2016

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Although, plant hormones play an important role in adjusting growth in response to environmental perturbation, the relative contributions of abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene remain elusive. Using six spring wheat genotypes differing for stress tolerance, we show that young seedlings of the drought-tolerant (DT) group maintained or increased shoot dry weight (SDW) while the drought-susceptible (DS) group decreased SDW in response to mild drought. Both the DT and DS groups increased endogenous ABA and ethylene concentrations under mild drought compared to control. The DT and DS groups exhibited different SDW response trends, whereby the DS group decreased while the DT group increased SDW, to increased concentrations of ABA and ethylene under mild drought, although both groups decreased ABA/ethylene ratio under mild drought albeit at different levels. We concluded that SDW of the DT and DS groups might be distinctly regulated by specific ABA:ethylene ratio. Further, a foliar-spray of low concentrations (0.1 μM) of ABA increased shoot relative growth rate (RGR) in the DS group while ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ethylene precursor) spray increased RGR in both groups compared to control. Furthermore, the DT group accumulated a significantly higher galactose while a significantly lower maltose in the shoot compared to the DS group. Taken all together, these results suggest an impact of ABA, ethylene, and ABA:ethylene ratio on SDW of wheat seedlings that may partly underlie a genotypic variability of different shoot growth sensitivities to drought among crop species under field conditions. We propose that phenotyping based on hormone accumulation, response and hormonal ratio would be a viable, rapid, and an early–stage selection tool aiding genotype selection for stress tolerance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar Abscisic Acid-To-Ethylene Accumulation and Response Regulate Shoot Growth Sensitivity to Mild Drought in Wheat

et al. 2016

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“…Plant glycoalkaloids, especially chaconine, solamargine, and solanine, contain L-rhamnose and L-galactose sugar [76], which forms a disaccharide, bis-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranose or α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glucopyranosyl-β-Lgalactopyranose with β-D-glucose. Arabic gums (branched-chain, complex polysaccharides, either neutral or slightly acidic) contain L-arabinose and L-rhamnose in the form of α-L-arabinofuranosyl and α-L-rhamnopyranosyl [77].…”

Section: Occurrence Of D-and L-carbohydrates Their Metabolism In Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary cell walls of lycophytes have a high concentration of 3-O-methyl-D-galactose [77] Both D-and L-galactose are synthesized from UDP-D-glucose (via UDP-galactose) when D-galactose is more abundant in plants. Separation of the enantiomeric forms showed the ratio of D-/L-galactose ranged from 7.3 to 70, in the lycophytes or spinach cells when D-galactose oxidase oxidizes the -CH2OH group of D-but not L-galactose [78,79].…”

Section: Occurrence Of D-and L-carbohydrates Their Metabolism In Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantiomers of Carbohydrates and Their Role in Ecosystem Interactions: A Review

et al. 2020

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D- and most L-enantiomers of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-containing compounds occur naturally in plants and other organisms. These enantiomers play many important roles in plants including building up biomass, defense against pathogens, herbivory, abiotic stress, and plant nutrition. Carbohydrate enantiomers are also precursors of many plant compounds that significantly contribute to plant aroma. Microorganisms, insects, and other animals utilize both types of carbohydrate enantiomers, but their biomass and excrements are dominated by D-enantiomers. The aim of this work was to review the current knowledge about carbohydrate enantiomers in ecosystems with respect to both their metabolism in plants and occurrence in soils, and to identify critical knowledge gaps and directions for future research. Knowledge about the significance of D- versus L-enantiomers of carbohydrates in soils is rare. Determining the mechanism of genetic regulation of D- and L-carbohydrate metabolism in plants with respect to pathogen and pest control and ecosystem interactions represent the knowledge gaps and a direction for future research.

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“…On the other hand, recent studies have also provided insight into marked differences in cell wall structure and composition between green algae and land plants. For example, although the macromolecular pectic network plays multiple roles in the dynamic structure and ionic environment of the plant cell wall, some pectic network domains, such as arabinans and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), have been found to be less abundant in green algae [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Additionally, the cross-linking of rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) via a borate diester, which is essential for the structural organization of the cell wall in angiosperms, has not been found in either bryophytes or charophytes [ 41 ].…”

Section: Cell Wall Diversity and Plant Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Genomic Perspective on the Evolutionary Diversity of the Plant Cell Wall

Yokoyama

2020

Plants

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The plant cell wall is a complex and dynamic structure composed of numerous different molecules that play multiple roles in all aspects of plant life. Currently, a new frontier in biotechnology is opening up, which is providing new insights into the structural and functional diversity of cell walls, and is thus serving to re-emphasize the significance of cell wall divergence in the evolutionary history of plant species. The ever-increasing availability of plant genome datasets will thus provide an invaluable basis for enhancing our knowledge regarding the diversity of cell walls among different plant species. In this review, as an example of a comparative genomics approach, I examine the diverse patterns of cell wall gene families among 100 species of green plants, and illustrate the evident benefits of using genome databases for studying cell wall divergence. Given that the growth and development of all types of plant cells are intimately associated with cell wall dynamics, gaining a further understanding of the functional diversity of cell walls in relation to diverse biological events will make significant contributions to a broad range of plant sciences.

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Sugar composition of the pectic polysaccharides of charophytes, the closest algal relatives of land-plants: presence of 3-O-methyl-d-galactose residues

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

Foliar Abscisic Acid-To-Ethylene Accumulation and Response Regulate Shoot Growth Sensitivity to Mild Drought in Wheat

Foliar Abscisic Acid-To-Ethylene Accumulation and Response Regulate Shoot Growth Sensitivity to Mild Drought in Wheat

Enantiomers of Carbohydrates and Their Role in Ecosystem Interactions: A Review

A Genomic Perspective on the Evolutionary Diversity of the Plant Cell Wall

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