Aetiology of childhood viral gastroenteritis in Lucknow, north India

Gupta, Shilpi; Singh, K. P.; Jain, Amita; Srivastava, Shilpi; Kumar, Vishwajeet; Singh, Mastan

doi:10.4103/0971-5916.159298

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The research reveals high prevalence of chronic undernutrition and anaemia amongst women from three tribal-dominated districts of India, a finding that has been corroborated in other research as well [2, 17–19]. Despite relaxed population coverage norms for both nutrition and health service infrastructure for tribal areas, reach of essential nutrition interventions is limited in study districts where women are exposed to known socio-demographic and environmental determinants of chronic undernutrition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…This coincides to approximately 20% of the total female population of about 2.2 million in these three districts, of which over 50% are from tribal communities. Evaluations of SHG programmes, with government or NGOs as promoting agencies of the SHG, have consistently reported improvement in economic status of members, level of improvement being contingent on original level of poverty and governance structures in the state or district [19, 20]. Evidence indicates that women from villages with SHGs are more likely to use health facilities for maternal and delivery care, are better informed and are more likely to use family planning methods than those from villages without SHGs [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partnering with women collectives for delivering essential women’s nutrition interventions in tribal areas of eastern India: a scoping study

Sethi

Bhanot²,

Bhalla³

et al. 2017

J Health Popul Nutr

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BackgroundWe examined the feasibility of engaging women collectives in delivering a package of women’s nutrition messages/services as a funded stakeholder in three tribal-dominated districts of Odisha, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh States, in eastern India. These districts have high prevalence of child stunting and poor government service outreach.MethodsConducted between July 2014 and March 2015, an exploratory mix-methods design was adopted (review of coverage data and government reports, field interviews and focus group discussion with multiple stakeholders and intended communities) to assess coverage of women’s nutrition services. A capacity assessment tool was developed to map all types of community collectives and assess their awareness, institutional and programme capacity as a funded stakeholder for delivering women’s nutrition services/behaviour promotion.ResultsLimited targeting of pre-pregnancy period, delays in first trimester registration of pregnant women, and low micronutrient supplementation supply and awareness issues emerged as key bottlenecks in improving women’s nutrition in these districts. Amongst the 18 different types of community collectives mapped, Self Help Groups (SHGs) and their federations (tier 2 and tier 3), with total membership of over 650,000, emerged as the most promising community collective due to their vast network, governance structure, bank linkage, and regular interface. Nearly 400,000 (or 20% of women) in these districts can be reached through the mapped 31,919 SHGs. SHGs with organisational readiness for receiving and managing grants for income generation and community development activities varied from 41 to 94% across study districts. Stakeholders perceived that SHGs federations managing grants from government and be engaged for nutrition promotion and service delivery and SHG weekly meetings can serve as community interface for discussing/resolving local issues impeding access to services.ConclusionsWomen SHGs (with tier 2 and tier 3) can become direct grantees for strengthening coverage of women’s nutrition interventions in these tribal districts/pockets, provided they are capacitated, supervised and given safe guards against exploitation and violence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partnering with women collectives for delivering essential women’s nutrition interventions in tribal areas of eastern India: a scoping study

Sethi

Bhanot²,

Bhalla³

et al. 2017

J Health Popul Nutr

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“…One study from India [52] that tested for a large panel of pathogens also only detected norovirus and rotavirus infections and coinfections. In three studies, one on hospitalized neonates in India [60] and two others in India [55] and Pakistan [79], the rotavirus coinfections equaled or exceeded the single norovirus infections. The highest percentage of coinfections were detected in studies from Burkina Faso (65.5%, [27]), India (77%, [60]), and Tunisia (74.2%, [88]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus Infections and Disease in Lower-Middle- and Low-Income Countries, 1997–2018

Mans

2019

Viruses

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Noroviruses are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis. The burden of the norovirus in lowresourcesettings is not well‐established due to limited data. This study reviews the norovirusprevalence, epidemiology, and genotype diversity in lower‐middle‐income countries (LMIC) andin low‐income countries (LIC). PubMed was searched up to 14 January 2019 for norovirus studiesfrom all LIC and LMIC (World Bank Classification). Studies that tested gastroenteritis cases and/orasymptomatic controls for norovirus by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR)were included. Sixty‐four studies, the majority on children <5 years of age, were identified, and 14%(95% confidence interval; CI 14–15, 5158/36,288) of the gastroenteritis patients and 8% (95% CI 7–9,423/5310) of healthy controls tested positive for norovirus. In LMIC, norovirus was detected in 15%(95% CI 15–16) of cases and 8% (95% CI 8–10) of healthy controls. In LIC, 11% (95% CI 10–12) ofsymptomatic cases and 9% (95% CI 8–10) of asymptomatic controls were norovirus positive.Norovirus genogroup II predominated overall. GII.4 was the predominant genotype in all settings,followed by GII.3 and GII.6. The most prevalent GI strain was GI.3. Norovirus causes a significantamount of gastroenteritis in low‐resource countries, albeit with high levels of asymptomaticinfection in LIC and a high prevalence of coinfections

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“…Second, though norovirus (NoV) was reported in low prevalence in the hospitalized children (1.2%) in this study 1 , it is now considered the dominant aetiological agent of acute GE, and with the recent introduction of RV vaccines in many developing and developed countries, this is likely to remain the case. NoV has a significant impact on human wellbeing in terms of morbidity, economic costs, and mortality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…I have two comments on the interesting study by Gupta et al 1 . First, the author stated that rotavirus (RV) was the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis (GE) with a positivity rate of 16.6 per cent in the hospitalized children and 8.3 per cent in non-hospitalized children 1 . This seems worrisome considering the significant morbidity and mortality of RVGE as well as the economic burden on Indian families.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%