“…Dendritic spine imaging can be performed on primary neuronal culture, organotypic neuronal cultures, acute brain slices, in adult animals during live cell imaging or after chemical cell fixation (see Table 1 and Table 2 ). Live imaging, in vitro, and in vivo, is the most relevant approach to study the mechanisms underlying spine structure [ 16 , 18 , 21 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 38 , 44 , 45 , 70 , 94 ], however, to determine global changes in structural remodeling, the spine analysis after culture/tissue fixation enables to analyze larger number of spines. For in vitro imaging, primary neuronal cultures are mostly used, in which dendritic morphogenesis develops during first two weeks [ 95 ] and thereafter spines start to maturate.…”