Molecular Interactions of β-(1→3)-Glucans with Their Receptors

Abstract

β-(1→3)-Glucans can be found as structural polysaccharides in cereals, in algae or as exo-polysaccharides secreted on the surfaces of mushrooms or fungi. Research has now established that β-(1→3)-glucans can trigger different immune responses and act as efficient immunostimulating agents. They constitute prevalent sources of carbons for microorganisms after subsequent recognition by digesting enzymes. Nevertheless, mechanisms associated with both roles are not yet clearly understood. This review focuses on the variety of elucidated molecular interactions that involve these natural or synthetic polysaccharides and their receptors, i.e., Dectin-1, CR3, glycolipids, langerin and carbohydrate-binding modules.

IL-10-Producing B Cells Regulate T Helper Cell Immune Responses during 1,3-β-Glucan-Induced Lung Inflammation

“…We have previously showed that multiple CD4 + T lymphocyte responses dominated in different stages after 1,3-β-glucan exposure, including T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cell (Treg) (9, 10). Exogenous 1,3-β-glucan induces numerous kinds of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine through NF-kB and NLRP3 signal pathways (11, 12). And then activates the Th1 response and Th2 response in sequence.…”

Anti-hepatoma activity of the stiff branched β-d-glucan and effects of molecular weight

“…[46][47][48][49][50] Furthermore, higher affinity of polysaccharides to receptors initiates stronger immune responses. [46][47][48][49][50] Furthermore, higher affinity of polysaccharides to receptors initiates stronger immune responses.…”

Regulation of Gene Expression by β-Glucans

“…Here it is believed that the soluble β-glucan fragments are released and taken up by circulating granulocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells while insoluble fragments induce a cellular response by binding to cell surface receptors. Several types of β-glucan receptors have been identified including several immune receptors, e.g., Dectin-1, Complement Receptor (CR3), CD11b/CD18, Mac-1, aMb integrin (Ross, 2000), Scavenger Receptors (SR), Lactosylceramide (LacCer) and toll-like receptors, e.g., TLR-2/6 and trigger responses in macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells in vitro (Chan et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2011;Legentil et al, 2015). β-glucans also bind to L-Ficolin (Legentil et al, 2015).…”

“…Several types of β-glucan receptors have been identified including several immune receptors, e.g., Dectin-1, Complement Receptor (CR3), CD11b/CD18, Mac-1, aMb integrin (Ross, 2000), Scavenger Receptors (SR), Lactosylceramide (LacCer) and toll-like receptors, e.g., TLR-2/6 and trigger responses in macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells in vitro (Chan et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2011;Legentil et al, 2015). β-glucans also bind to L-Ficolin (Legentil et al, 2015). Through this interaction with plasma membrane receptors, β-glucans potentiate intracellular signaling pathways that ultimately activate transcription factors such as NFκB resulting in both innate and adaptive immune responses (Li et al, 2010).…”