25th Anniversary Article: Recent Advances in n‐Type and Ambipolar Organic Field‐Effect Transistors

Zhao, Yan; Guo, Yunlong; Liu, Yunqi

doi:10.1002/adma.201302315

Cited by 626 publications

(521 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…However, through appropriate synthetic routes and rational molecular design, several n-type molecular and polymeric semiconductors have been synthesized exhibiting OTFT electron mobilities of 0.1-2.0 cm 2 V À1 s À1 under inert/nitrogen atmosphere as well as under ambient atmosphere. [16][17][18][19][20] By satisfying de Leeuw's hypothesis, our group has reported a high electron mobility of 3 cm 2 V À1 s À1 for a diketopyrrolopyrrolediketopyrrolopyrrole based conjugated polymer. 21 The polymer was substituted with hydrophobic and hydrophilic side-chains on alternate units of DPP.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Use of side-chain for rational design of n-type diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers: what did we find out?

Kanimozhi

Yaacobi‐Gross

Burnett

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The primary role of substituted side chains in organic semiconductors is to increase their solubility in common organic solvents. In the recent past, many literature reports have suggested that the side chains play a critical role in molecular packing and strongly impact the charge transport properties of conjugated polymers. In this work, we have investigated the influence of side-chains on the charge transport behavior of a novel class of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based alternating copolymers. To investigate the role of sidechains, we prepared four diketopyrrolopyrrole-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP-DPP) conjugated polymers with varied side-chains and carried out a systematic study of thin film microstructure and charge transport properties in polymer thin-film transistors (PTFTs). Combining results obtained from grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and charge transport properties in PTFTs, we conclude side-chains have a strong influence on molecular packing, thin film microstructure, and the charge carrier mobility of DPP-DPP copolymers. However, the influence of side-chains on optical properties was moderate. The preferential ''edge-on'' packing and dominant n-channel behavior with exceptionally high field-effect electron mobility values of 41 cm 2 V À1 s À1 were observed by incorporating hydrophilic (triethylene glycol) and hydrophobic side-chains of alternate DPP units. In contrast, moderate electron and hole mobilities were observed by incorporation of branched hydrophobic side-chains. This work clearly demonstrates that the subtle balance between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity induced by side-chains is a powerful strategy to alter the molecular packing and improve the ambipolar charge transport properties in DPP-DPP based conjugated polymers. Theoretical analysis supports the conclusion that the side-chains influence polymer properties through morphology changes, as there is no effect on the electronic properties in the gas phase. The exceptional electron mobility is at least partially a result of the strong intramolecular conjugation of the donor and acceptor as evidenced by the unusually wide conduction band of the polymer.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Use of side-chain for rational design of n-type diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers: what did we find out?

Kanimozhi

Yaacobi‐Gross

Burnett

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Various conjugated molecules and polymers have been investigated intensively 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. These studies reveal that intermolecular/interchain packing and thin film crystallinity play a vital role in determining the charge transporting properties 12, 13.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile Approach to Improve Interchain Packing Order and Charge Mobilities by Self‐Assembly of Conjugated Polymers on Water

et al. 2018

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Development of facile and economic approaches for assembling organic semiconductors into more ordered structures toward high charge mobilities is highly demanding for the fabrication of organic circuits. Here a simple and facile approach is reported to prepare conjugated polymer thin films with improved crystallinities and charge mobilities by self‐assembling semiconducting polymers on water. The formation of polymer thin films with more ordered structures is attributed to coffee ring effect induced by solvent‐evaporation on water, and the hydrophobic nature of conjugated polymers that forces the polymer chains to pack densely and orderly on water surface. This approach is applicable to typical semiconducting polymers, and charge mobilities of their thin films are boosted remarkably. Finally, this new method can be utilized to easily fabricate the array of field‐effect transistors with high charge mobilities in an economic way.

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“…(5). The densities at the source and drain contacts are kept constant in time, which represents Ohmic injection.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially n-type and ambipolar polymers recently made strong progression [3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, as the channel resistance decreases due to the increase of organic semiconductor mobilities, contact resistances often become the bottleneck for the total device performance [1,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many strategies have been reported to decrease the contact resistance for either holes or electrons [1,10,11], using selfassembled monolayers [12,13], doping [14,15], interlayers [16,17], or by changing the device lay-out [9,18]. Contact resistance is an (even) more fundamental problem in ambipolar transistors, where both electrons and holes need to be injected [5,19]. The electron and hole injection barriers at any contact always sum up to the semiconductor band gap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contactless charge carrier mobility measurement in organic field-effect transistors

Roelofs¹,

Li²,

Janssen³

et al. 2014

Organic Electronics

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a b s t r a c tWith the increasing performance of organic semiconductors, contact resistances become an almost fundamental problem, obstructing the accurate measurement of charge carrier mobilities. Here, a generally applicable method is presented to determine the true charge carrier mobility in an organic field-effect transistor (OFET). The method uses two additional finger-shaped gates that capacitively generate and probe an alternating current in the OFET channel. The time lag between drive and probe can directly be related to the mobility, as is shown experimentally and numerically. As the scheme does not require the injection or uptake of charges it is fundamentally insensitive to contact resistances. Particularly for ambipolar materials the true mobilities are found to be substantially larger than determined by conventional (direct current) schemes.

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25th Anniversary Article: Recent Advances in n‐Type and Ambipolar Organic Field‐Effect Transistors

Cited by 626 publications

References 158 publications

Use of side-chain for rational design of n-type diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers: what did we find out?

Use of side-chain for rational design of n-type diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers: what did we find out?

A Facile Approach to Improve Interchain Packing Order and Charge Mobilities by Self‐Assembly of Conjugated Polymers on Water

Contactless charge carrier mobility measurement in organic field-effect transistors

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