Interleukin-6 in cerebrospinal fluid as a biomarker of acute meningitis

García-Hernández, Pablo; Prieto, Belén; Martínez‐Morillo, Eduardo; Rodríguez, Verónica; Álvarez, Francisco V.

doi:10.1177/0004563215589381

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…In CSF, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IFN‐γ showed rapidly increase in EVM group while cytokines sharply declined in control group without meningeal infection. The elevation of CSF pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6, TNF, and IFN‐γ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 was approved in EVM, that meant meningeal inflammation could trigger a unified pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory response in viral infections . Cytokine profiling could contribute to localize the site of immune activation in viral infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine characteristic of cerebrospinal fluid from children with enteroviral meningitis compared to bacterial meningitis

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Background Enteroviruses are the most common etiological agent for viral encephalitis, but it is uncertain whether the cytokines have the ability to differentiate enteroviral meningitis (EVM) from bacterial meningitis (BM). Methods A retrospective study was performed at the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from August 2016 and August 2019. CSF and/or blood specimens were collected for microbiological culture, viruses, and cytokine detection. Results Forty‐three patients were confirmed with meningitis, 27 patients with EVM, and 16 with BM. Children with EVM were older compared with BM and Control group (P < .001). The most common presenting symptom in children with EVM was fever (96.3%) followed by headache (88.9%) and vomiting (66.7%). The occurrence of seizure was lower in both EVM and BM groups (P < .001). Serum IL‐6 and serum IL‐10 were lower in EVM group than BM (P = .02) and control group (IL‐6, P = .01; IL‐10, P < .001). IL‐6, IL‐10, and IFN‐γ levels showed obviously increase in CSF (P < .001, respectively) in EVM group, while only IL‐6 increased in CSF (P < .001) in BM group. CSF concentrations of cytokines IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF, and IFN‐γ in children with EVM and BM were both higher than Control group (P < .001). But compared EVM group to BM group, CSF IL‐2 (P = .13), IL‐6 (P = .37), IL‐10 (P = .98), TNF (P = .54), and IFN‐γ (P = .53) showed no difference between two groups. Conclusions CSF cytokines elevated in both virus and bacterial meningitis, while serum elevation only occurred in bacterial infection. Still, we could not distinguish enteroviral meningitis from bacterial meningitis with the parameters of CSF cytokines IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF, and IFN‐γ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine characteristic of cerebrospinal fluid from children with enteroviral meningitis compared to bacterial meningitis

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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“…Previously, the role of proinflammatory CTs as markers for diagnostic, clinical severity, and prognosis was evaluated, and particularly, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 has shown usefulness. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] However, the association of other CTs expressed in CSF and plasma with the clinical severity or, particularly, neurological outcome of BM in adults is not clear. Here, we aimed to determine six CSF and plasma CTs in BM adult patients and uninfected controls and analyze their association with clinical severity and neurological outcome, after a six-months clinical follow-up, and we hypothesized that selective expression of local and systemic CTs could be a useful marker of the clinical outcome and long-term disabilities in adult BM patients.…”

Section: Patterns Of Local and Systemic Cytokines In Bacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Local and Systemic Cytokines in Bacterial Meningitis and its Relation with Severity and Long-Term Sequelae

et al. 2015

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Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a pyogenic infection present in the subarachnoid space, potentially fatal and frequently associated with neurological sequelae. During BM, cytokines (CTs) are locally produced. We sought to determine the CTs’ clinical role as disease severity predictors in adults, which is not completely clear. Using a bead-based flow cytometric assay, levels of six CTs were determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from 18 adult BM patients and 19 uninfected controls. Long-term neurological sequelae were evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). All evaluated CTs were higher in CSF than in plasma, and the levels of CSF interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α and plasma IL-10 and IL-12p70 were significantly higher in patients with severe sepsis than with sepsis, suggesting an association with clinical severity. There was a strong negative correlation between CSF IL-6 and plasma IL-12p70 with GOS score, supporting the possible role of these CTs in the development of neurological long-term sequelae. These findings could be helpful to identify candidates to receive neuroprotective treatments and early physiotherapy schemes.

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“…In another prospective study [ 29 ], all patients with proven bacterial meningitis had CSF IL-6 more than 500 pg/mL. In a retrospective study of the CSF samples of patients with clinical signs of meningitis ( n = 106) [ 34 ], IL-6 was studied for early differentiation between aseptic and bacterial meningitis with a cut-off value of 1418 pg/mL (95.5% sensitivity and 77.5% specificity) or 15,060 pg/mL (63.6% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity) for thediagnosis of bacterial meningitis. All kits in the studies [ 29 , 31 , 32 , 34 ] and the test method used in our study have been standardized against the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control’s (NIBSC) first international standard (89/548) with close limits of detection linearity; thus, the differences in the IL-6 concentration should be considered unrelated to the test systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4-Hydroxyphenyllactic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid as a Possible Marker of Post-Neurosurgical Meningitis: Retrospective Study

Pautova

Meglei

Chernevskaya

et al. 2022

JPM

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The search for new potential biomarkers for the diagnostics of post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis is required because of the difficulties in its early verification using results of the routine laboratory and biochemical analyses of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The goal of the study was to determine the contents of the aromatic metabolites and biomarkers in the CSF samples of the post-neurosurgical patients (n = 82) and their potential diagnostical significance for the evaluation of the risk of post-neurosurgical meningitis. Patients with signs of post-neurosurgical meningitis (n = 30) had lower median values of glucose and higher values of cell count, neutrophils, lactate, protein, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid (p-HPhLA), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) than patients without signs of post-neurosurgical meningitis (n = 52). ROC analysis for IL-6 and p-HPhLA resulted in 0.785 and 0.734 values of the area under the ROC curve, with sensitivity 96.30 and 66.67%; specificity 54.17 and 82.69%, respectively. IL-6 should be considered as a non-specific biomarker, in contrast to the microbial metabolite p-HPhLA. If the concentration of p-HPhLA was more or equal to 0.9 µmol/L, the risk of bacterial complications was 9.6 times higher. p-HPhLA is a promising marker for the prognosis of post-neurosurgical meningitis, and its determination on a larger group of post-neurosurgical patients can subsequently prove its diagnostic significance for the verification of CNS infections.

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Interleukin-6 in cerebrospinal fluid as a biomarker of acute meningitis

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Cytokine characteristic of cerebrospinal fluid from children with enteroviral meningitis compared to bacterial meningitis

Cytokine characteristic of cerebrospinal fluid from children with enteroviral meningitis compared to bacterial meningitis

Patterns of Local and Systemic Cytokines in Bacterial Meningitis and its Relation with Severity and Long-Term Sequelae

4-Hydroxyphenyllactic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid as a Possible Marker of Post-Neurosurgical Meningitis: Retrospective Study

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