Changes in autumn senescence in northern hemisphere deciduous trees: a meta-analysis of autumn phenology studies

Gill, Allison L.; Gallinat, Amanda S.; Sanders‐DeMott, Rebecca; Rigden, A. J.; Gianotti, Daniel J. Short; Mantooth, Joshua A.; Templer, Pamela H.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcv055

Cited by 249 publications

(222 citation statements)

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“…Such climatic changes may result in direct effects on the ECM fungi and also in indirect effects through enhanced growth and later leaf fall of their tree hosts (Gill et al 2015). This finding contradicts our hypothesis that ECM fungi might show few changes over time.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Trait‐dependent distributional shifts in fruiting of common British fungi

et al. 2017

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Despite the dramatic phenological responses of fungal fruiting to recent climate warming, it is unknown whether spatial distributions of fungi have changed and to what extent such changes are influenced by fungal traits, such as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) or saprotrophic lifestyles, spore characteristics, or fruit body size.Our overall aim was to understand how climate and fungal traits determine whether and how species-specific fungal fruit body abundances have shifted across latitudes over time, using the UK national database of fruiting records. The data employed were recorded over 45 yr , and include 853 278 records of Agaricales, Boletales and Russulales, though we focus only on the most common species (with more than 3000 records each). The georeferenced observations were analysed by a Bayesian inference as a Gaussian additive model with a specification following a joint species distribution model. We used an offset, random contributions and fixed effects to isolate different potential biases from the trait-specific interactions with latitude/climate and time. Our main aim was assessed by examination of the three-way-interaction of trait, predictor (latitude or climate) and time.The results show a strong trait-specific shift in latitudinal abundance through time, as ECM species have become more abundant relative to saprotrophic species in the north. Along precipitation gradients, phenology was important, in that species with shorter fruiting seasons have declined markedly in abundance in oceanic regions, whereas species with longer seasons have become relatively more common overall. These changes in fruit body distributions are correlated with temperature and rainfall, which act directly on both saprotrophic and ECM fungi, and also indirectly on ECM fungi, through altered photosynthate allocation from their hosts. If these distributional changes reflect fungal activity, there will be important consequences for the responses of forest ecosystems to changing climate, through effects on primary production and nutrient cycling.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Trait‐dependent distributional shifts in fruiting of common British fungi

et al. 2017

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“…This means that critical day-length triggering of autumnal senescence processes arrives later for them under northern conditions with longer photoperiod (Way and Montgomery 2015). Moreover, climate-changeinduced temperature rise enables them to grow longer in the autumn than northern-origin genotypes without major risk of frost damage in autumn compared with northern-origin genotypes (Garonna et al 2014;Gill et al 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the date when daily mean air temperature rises above +5°C (Jaagus and Ahas 2000;Jaagus 2006). Moreover, several recent studies also show clear trends of growth season extension in autumn, resulting in delayed leaf senescence (Garonna et al 2014;Gill et al 2015). Length of growing season is strongly controlled by climatic conditions (Cleland et al 2007;Rohde et al 2011), and tree populations display latitudinal adaptation (Pellis et al 2004;Elferjani et al 2016) as demonstrated by differences in phenological processes like growth initiation in spring (bud-burst) and growth cessation in autumn (bud-set) (Rohde et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring and autumn phenology of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) genotypes of different geographic origin in hemiboreal Estonia§

Lutter

Tullus

et al. 2016

N.Z. j. of For. Sci.

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Background: Increasing demand for renewable energy resources and the need to mitigate climate change have raised interest in short-rotation forestry with fast-growing deciduous trees like hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) in northern Europe. Given that climate warming has already considerably extended the growing season in this region, northward transfer of genotypes could improve forest plantation productivity and enable more efficient mitigation of climate change. We studied the spring and autumn phenology of hybrid aspen genotypes of different geographic origin (European P. tremula parent from 51°to 60°N and North American P. tremuloides parent from 45°to 54°N) 3 and 6 years after planting in a progeny trial established in Estonia at 58°N. Findings: The effect of geographic origin on spring and autumn phenology of hybrid aspen was evident at the age of 3 and 6 years. Geographic origin did not affect spring phenology. However, hybrids with P. tremula parents of northern origin, with bud-burst occurring some days later, were able to unfold and develop full-sized leaves faster than genotypes with early bud-burst. The main differences between different geographic origins appeared in the autumn of year 6, when genotypes of northern origin (60°N) started autumn defoliation significantly earlier than those of southern origin (51°to 57°N). The genotypes of southern origin (55°53′ to 57°31′ N) had a period from bud-burst to defoliation 27 days longer than that of genotypes of northern origin (60°22′ N). The interval between spring and autumn phenological processes showed significant positive correlation with current annual height growth for both study years. Conclusions: Hybrid aspen genotypes from 55°to 57°N responded well to northward transfer, having a longer leafy period and greater height increment than southward transferred genotypes. Northward-transferred genotypes were apparently better adapted to climate-change-induced extension of the growing season at higher latitudes.

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“…Manipulative experiments and ground observations have documented earlier starts of growing seasons (SOS) and later ends of growing seasons (EOS) in the urban center than the surrounding rural areas [16,17]. While those studies provide important evidences of effects of urbanization on vegetation phenology, site-based observations cannot provide an assemble understanding of spatially-explicit phenological changes in urban areas due to the lack of standard data collection protocols and consistent data analysis methods [18]. Remote sensing observations offer consistent quantitative measurements of land surface properties, making long-term satellite observations ideal resources for monitoring vegetation phenology [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Urbanization on Vegetation Phenology over the Past Three Decades in Shanghai, China

Qiu

Song

2017

Remote Sensing

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Vegetation phenology manifests the rhythm of annual plant life activities. It has been extensively studied in natural ecosystems. However, major knowledge gaps still exist in understanding the impacts of urbanization on vegetation phenology. This study addresses two questions to fill the knowledge gaps: (1) How does vegetation phenology vary spatially and temporally along a rural-to-urban transect in Shanghai, China, over the past three decades? (2) How do landscape composition and configuration affect those variations of vegetation phenology? To answer these questions, 30 m × 30 m mean vegetation phenology metrics, including the start of growing season (SOS), end of growing season (EOS), and length of growing season (LOS), were derived for urban vegetation using dense stacks of enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series from images collected by Landsat 5-8 satellites from 1984 to 2015. Landscape pattern metrics were calculated using high spatial resolution aerial photos. We then used Pearson correlation analysis to quantify the associations between phenology patterns and landscape metrics. We found that vegetation in urban centers experienced advances of SOS for 5-10 days and delays of EOS for 5-11 days compared with those located in the surrounding rural areas. Additionally, we observed strong positive correlations between landscape composition (percentage of landscape area) of developed land and LOS of urban vegetation. We also found that the landscape configuration of local land cover types, especially patch density and edge density, was significantly correlated with the spatial patterns of vegetation phenology. These results demonstrate that vegetation phenology in the urban area is significantly different from its rural surroundings. These findings have implications for urban environmental management, ranging from biodiversity protection to public health risk reduction.

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Changes in autumn senescence in northern hemisphere deciduous trees: a meta-analysis of autumn phenology studies

Cited by 249 publications

References 100 publications

Trait‐dependent distributional shifts in fruiting of common British fungi

Trait‐dependent distributional shifts in fruiting of common British fungi

Spring and autumn phenology of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.) genotypes of different geographic origin in hemiboreal Estonia§

Impacts of Urbanization on Vegetation Phenology over the Past Three Decades in Shanghai, China

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