Alterations in serotonin, transient receptor potential channels and protease-activated receptors in rats with irritable bowel syndrome attenuated by Shugan decoction

Abstract

SGD alleviated VHL and attenuated colon motility in IBS, partly by regulating TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, PAR2, 5-HT, CgA and SERT, and reducing CGRP and TNF-α level.

Repeated water avoidance stress induces visceral hypersensitivity: Role of interleukin‐1, interleukin‐6, and peripheral corticotropin‐releasing factor

“…Chronic WAS is well demonstrated to increase pro‐inflammatory cytokines in both gene and protein level in the GI tract . However, it has not been shown that these cytokines are directly involved in WAS‐induced visceral hypersensitivity so far.…”

“…Chronic WAS is well demonstrated to increase proinflammatory cytokines in both gene and protein level in the GI tract. 7,8,34 However, it has not been shown that these cytokines are directly involved in WAS-induced visceral hypersensitivity so far. We believed that this is the first report showing the direct link between the cytokines and chronic WAS-induced visceral hypersensitivity, because anakinra or IL-6 antibody abolished the response.…”

Comparison of Electroacupuncture and Moxibustion for Relieving Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rats with Constipation‐Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome

“…As an important regulatory monoamine neurotransmitter in the brain-gut axis, 5-HT is widely present in the CNS and gastrointestinal tract where 95% of 5-HT is stored in enterochromaffin (EC) cells of the intestinal mucosa. Various stimuli such as elevated pressure in the intestinal lumen, allergic reactions, and acetylcholine can stimulate ECs to release 5-HT to signal the nervous and endocrine systems to produce visceral hypersensitivity, pain, and stool changes [ 17 – 19 ]. Studies suggest that, in IBS patients, an abnormal increase of 5-HT in the colon mucosa and serum is associated with visceral hypersensitivity [ 20 – 22 ].…”

Effect of TongXie‐YaoFang on Cl− and HCO3 - Transport in Diarrhea‐Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats

“…A clinical study performed by Pan et al [ 10 ] showed that TXYF could significantly relieve the abdominal pain/discomfort and improved the stool property in D-IBS patients. A recent animal experiment also demonstrated that TXYF could increase the pain threshold and decrease the number of fecal pellets in IBS rats [ 28 ]. However, the curative mechanism has not been clear although much work has been done.…”