Autumnal leaf senescence in<i>Miscanthus</i>×<i>giganteus</i>and leaf [N] differ by stand age

Boersma, Nicholas N.; Dohleman, Frank G.; Miguez, Fernando E.; Heaton, Emily A.

doi:10.1093/jxb/erv129

Cited by 14 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Rhizomes are needed for overwintering, and stored carbohydrate is remobilised to drive spring regrowth in the following year. Biomass and canopy senescence were not found to be correlated with overwinter survival in Miscanthus (Clifton‐Brown & Lewandowski, ); however, stay‐green Miscanthus survived poorly in higher latitudes in Europe (Clifton‐Brown et al., ) and first‐year M × g overwintered poorly in a study in the United States and maintained active leaves after late‐season frosts, suggesting a lack of senescence may be responsible (Boersma, Dohleman, Miguez, & Heaton, ). We anticipate the production of rhizome and the timing of senescence are critical factors in overwinter survival and that this is strongly linked to canopy duration in particular during the first year of establishment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing seed priming, sowing date, and mulch film to improve the germination and survival of direct‐sown Miscanthus sinensis in the United Kingdom

Ashman

Awty‐Carroll

Mos³

et al. 2018

GCB Bioenergy

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Direct sowing of Miscanthus seed could lower crop establishment costs, and increase the rate of grower uptake and biomass supply for the emerging bio‐economy. A replicated field trial was conducted at two contrasting UK sites: Aberystwyth ( ABR ) in mid‐Wales and Blankney ( BLK ) in Lincolnshire. These sites encompass the west–east meteorological gradient in the United Kingdom where the growing season at ABR is cooler and wetter while BLK is warmer and drier. Primed and unprimed Miscanthus sinensis seeds were sown directly onto the soil surface with and without a clear biodegradable mulch film, at nine dates interspersed from May to October. Average daily mean soil surface temperatures measured over the first 2 months after sowing under the mulch film were higher than control plots (2.7°C ABR and 4.2°C BLK ). At both sites, the film covering also affected soil volumetric moisture relative to uncovered control plots (−3% ABR and 8% BLK ), demonstrating the negative impact of mulch film when sowing on dry soil. Over nine sowings, seed germination at ABR under film varied between −28% and +18% of germination under control conditions. Seedlings from the first three sowings at both sites under film had sufficient physiological maturity to survive the first winter period. At BLK , mulch film significantly increased tiller count and height in both the first and second years after sowing. At ABR , where temperatures were lower, film covering significantly increased tiller height but not count. Water priming had no significant effect on seed viability or germination in the field tests. Base temperatures for germination of primed and unprimed seeds on a thermal gradient plate were 7.0°C and 5.7°C, respectively, with a ± 1.7°C confidence interval. Based on our results for M. sinensis in the United Kingdom, we recommend the sowing of unprimed seed in May under film and only when the soil is moist.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing seed priming, sowing date, and mulch film to improve the germination and survival of direct‐sown Miscanthus sinensis in the United Kingdom

Ashman

Awty‐Carroll

Mos³

et al. 2018

GCB Bioenergy

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“…Given the long-term and large-scale focus of this study, factors that may increase the DIN leaching such as poor establishment and immaturity of the stand (e.g., Smith et al, 2013) were not considered. The timing of harvest and stand age may also have a significant effect on the N concentrations of biomass (Heaton et al, 2009) and the mass of N removed at harvest (Boersma et al, 2015). In this study, a constant harvest date for miscanthus and switchgrass was used; therefore, the influence of timing of harvest was not accounted for.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the current analysis, an algorithm was developed and calibrated based on measured data (Himken et al, 1997;Heaton et al, 2009;Dohleman et al, 2012;Wilson et al, 2013;Boersma et al, 2015) to simulate the movement of C and N between aboveground (i.e., shoots) and belowground (i.e., roots and rhizome) pools. Miscanthus and switchgrass each have their own algorithm that is based on the mass balance and tissue-specific N concentration data (Dohleman et al, 2012).…”

Section: Agro-ibis Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the potential to decrease the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone with MidwestUSperennial cellulosic feedstock production

et al. 2016

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The goal of this research was to determine the changes in streamflow, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) leaching and export to the Gulf of Mexico associated with a range of large-scale dedicated perennial cellulosic bioenergy production scenarios within in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB). To achieve this goal, we used Agro-IBIS, a vegetation model capable of simulating the biogeochemistry of row crops, miscanthus and switchgrass, coupled with THMB, a hydrology model capable of simulating streamflow and DIN export. Simulations were conducted at varying fertilizer application rates (0-200 kg N ha À1 ) and fractional replacement (5-25%) of current row crops with miscanthus or switchgrass across the MARB. The analysis also includes two scenarios where miscanthus and switchgrass (MRX and MRS, respectively) each replace the ca. 40% of maize production currently devoted to ethanol. Across the scenarios, there were minor reductions in runoff and streamflow throughout the MARB, with the largest differences (ca. 6%) occurring for miscanthus at the highest fractional replacement scenarios in drier portions of the region. However, differences in total MARB discharge at the basin outlet were less than 1.5% even in the MRX scenario. Reductions in DIN export were much larger on a percentage basis than reductions in runoff, with the highest replacement scenarios decreasing long-term mean DIN export by ca. 15% and 20% for switchgrass and miscanthus, respectively. Fertilization scenarios show that significant reductions in DIN leaching are possible even with application rates of 100 and 150 kg N ha À1for switchgrass and miscanthus, respectively. These results indicate that, given targeted management strategies, there is potential for miscanthus and switchgrass to provide key ecosystem services by reducing the export of DIN, while avoiding hydrologic impacts of reduced streamflow.

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“…Christian and Haase () hypothesized that the first‐year plants of M×g ‘1993–1780' did not go dormant early enough in the season to avoid damage from cold temperatures. Boersma, Dohleman, Miguez, and Heaton () found that when autumn temperature fell below 10°C in Ontario, Canada, CO 2 assimilation rate and photosystem II efficiency for first‐year stands of M×g ‘1993–1780' were almost four times higher than for the third‐year plants, and leaf [N] was about 2.4 times greater, suggesting that the first‐year plants were still actively growing before a killing frost. From this photosynthesis data, Boersma et al () concluded that limited translocation of nutrients to rhizomes in the first‐year plants of M×g ‘1993–1780' contributed to their poorer overwintering ability than the third‐year plants in Ontario, though no measurements of rhizome nutrient contents were made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boersma, Dohleman, Miguez, and Heaton () found that when autumn temperature fell below 10°C in Ontario, Canada, CO 2 assimilation rate and photosystem II efficiency for first‐year stands of M×g ‘1993–1780' were almost four times higher than for the third‐year plants, and leaf [N] was about 2.4 times greater, suggesting that the first‐year plants were still actively growing before a killing frost. From this photosynthesis data, Boersma et al () concluded that limited translocation of nutrients to rhizomes in the first‐year plants of M×g ‘1993–1780' contributed to their poorer overwintering ability than the third‐year plants in Ontario, though no measurements of rhizome nutrient contents were made. Genetic variation in Miscanthus for overwintering ability in the establishment year could be due to differences in freeze tolerance of dormant rhizomes, differences among genotypes in timing of dormancy and translocation of nutrients belowground, differences in depth of dormant buds in the soil to facilitate avoidance of freezing temperatures, or combinations of these traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter hardiness of Miscanthus (III): Genome‐wide association and genomic prediction for overwintering ability in Miscanthus sinensis

et al. 2019

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Overwintering ability is an important selection criterion for Miscanthus breeding in temperate regions. Insufficient overwintering ability of the currently leading Miscanthus biomass cultivar, M. ×giganteus (M×g) ‘1993–1780', in regions where average annual minimum temperatures are −26.1°C (USDA hardiness zone 5) or lower poses a pressing need to develop new cultivars with superior cold tolerance. To facilitate breeding of Miscanthus, this study characterized phenotypic and genetic variation of overwintering ability in an M. sinensis germplasm panel consisting of 564 accessions, evaluated in field trials at three locations in North America and two in Asia. Genome‐wide association (GWA) and genomic prediction analyses were performed. The Korea/N China M. sinensis genetic group is a valuable gene pool for cold tolerance. The Yangtze‐Qinling, Southern Japan, and Northern Japan genetic groups were also potential sources of cold tolerance. A total of 73 marker–trait associations were detected for overwintering ability. Estimated breeding value for overwintering ability based on these 73 markers could explain 55% of the variation for first winter overwintering ability among M. sinensis. Average genomic prediction ability for overwintering ability across 50 fivefold cross‐validations was high (~0.73) after accounting for population structure. Common genomic regions for overwintering ability were detected by GWA analyses and a previous parallel QTL mapping study using three interconnected biparental F1 populations. One QTL on Miscanthus LG 8 encompassed five GWA hits and a known cold‐responsive gene, COR47. The other overwintering ability QTL on Miscanthus LG 11 contained two GWA hits and three known cold stress‐related genes, carboxylesterase 13 (CEX13), WRKY2 transcription factor, and cold shock domain (CSDP1). Miscanthus accessions collected from high latitude locations with cold winters had higher rates of overwintering, and more alleles for overwintering, than accessions collected from southern locations with mild winters.

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Autumnal leaf senescence inMiscanthus×giganteusand leaf [N] differ by stand age

Abstract: HighlightThis chronosequence field experiment found unexpected differences in leaf senescence symptoms between different aged Miscanthus×giganteus stands, potentially indicating differential senescence with plant age and nutrient status.

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Assessing seed priming, sowing date, and mulch film to improve the germination and survival of direct‐sown Miscanthus sinensis in the United Kingdom

Assessing seed priming, sowing date, and mulch film to improve the germination and survival of direct‐sown Miscanthus sinensis in the United Kingdom

Assessing the potential to decrease the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone with MidwestUSperennial cellulosic feedstock production

Winter hardiness of Miscanthus (III): Genome‐wide association and genomic prediction for overwintering ability in Miscanthus sinensis

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